Pols H
Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research at Rutgers University.
J Hist Behav Sci. 2001 Autumn;37(4):369-88. doi: 10.1002/jhbs.1066.
The differences between somatic psychiatrists and mental hygienists, already apparent earlier, became much more pronounced during the Depression years, partly as a consequence of their different perspectives on this social crisis. Somatic psychiatrists, emboldened by the apparent success of new medical treatment methods, reasserted the central position of the mental hospital within psychiatry, attempted to improve the discipline's position within medicine, and promoted basic research. Mental hygienists, following the ideal of prevention, proposed far-reaching programs of community mental hygiene to alleviate widespread mental distress. A small group of mental hygienists embraced socialism and advocated measures of radical social reconstruction.
躯体精神病医生和心理卫生学家之间的差异，早在之前就已显现，在大萧条时期变得更加显著，部分原因是他们对这场社会危机的不同看法。躯体精神病医生因新医疗方法的明显成功而受到鼓舞，重申了精神病院在精神病学中的核心地位，试图提升该学科在医学领域的地位，并推动基础研究。心理卫生学家遵循预防的理念，提出了影响深远的社区心理卫生计划，以缓解广泛存在的精神痛苦。一小部分心理卫生学家信奉社会主义，并倡导激进的社会重建措施。
