Danahey D G, Dayan S H, Benson A G, Ness J A
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Facial Plast Surg. 2001 May;17(2):91-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2001-17757.
The chin is the keystone linking the aesthetics of the face and neck but is often neglected in the analysis. Procedures related to the chin play an important role in defining neck anatomy. Alloplastic implants can provide the illusion of a longer jaw line in a patient with retrogenia. Even greater anatomic changes to the neck result when a sliding genioplasty is performed. This effect is primarily due to the digastric attachments from the mentum and mastoid. Advancing the mentum may have a more direct effect of elevating the position of the hyoid, which sharpens the angle between the jaw and neck. Finally, the diagnosis of a witch's chin is also discussed for the patients who present for aging neck surgery.
下巴是连接面部和颈部美学的关键，但在分析中常常被忽视。与下巴相关的手术在界定颈部解剖结构方面起着重要作用。对于下巴后缩的患者，异体植入物可以营造出下颌线更长的假象。当进行颏部前移术时，颈部会出现更大的解剖学变化。这种效果主要归因于颏部和乳突之间的二腹肌附着。前移颏部可能对抬高舌骨位置有更直接的作用，从而使下颌和颈部之间的角度更明显。最后，对于因颈部老化前来手术的患者，也讨论了“巫婆下巴”的诊断。
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