McDougal W S, Kursh E D, Persky L
J Urol. 1975 Aug;114(2):181-4. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)66981-7.
Spontaneous rupture of the kidney involves either the collecting system or parenchyma, the latter being associated with a subcapsular or perirenal hematoma. A review was made of 78 cases of spontaneous parenchymal rupture with perirenal hematoma, including 4 of our own. One of these cases is the first description of spontaneous rupture of the kidney secondary to renal vein thrombosis. The patients are usually in the fourth decade of life and present with an acute onset of flank pain, a tender mass and commonly symptoms and signs of shock. Hematuria is often present and generally urography reveals a mass, distorted collecting system and/or non-visualization of the kidney. Tumors are the most common cause followed by vascular diseases, infection, nephritis and blood dyscrasias. Nephrectomy when possible should be performed expeditiously since conservative therapy is uniformly unsuccessful.
肾自发性破裂累及集合系统或实质，后者与肾包膜下或肾周血肿相关。对78例伴有肾周血肿的肾实质自发性破裂病例进行了回顾，其中包括我们自己的4例。这些病例中的1例是首例关于肾静脉血栓形成继发肾自发性破裂的描述。患者通常处于生命的第四个十年，表现为突发胁腹疼痛、肿块压痛，通常还有休克的症状和体征。常出现血尿，静脉肾盂造影一般显示有肿块、集合系统变形和/或肾脏不显影。肿瘤是最常见的病因，其次是血管疾病、感染、肾炎和血液系统疾病。如果可能，应尽快进行肾切除术，因为保守治疗无一成功。
