Novak C, Scheideler S E
Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908, USA.
Poult Sci. 2001 Oct;80(10):1480-9. doi: 10.1093/ps/80.10.1480.
We used a split-plot design of five diets: control (corn-soy) with 3.8% Ca, 10% flaxseed with 3.8% Ca, 10% flaxseed with 4.5% Ca, 10% flaxseed with 3.8% Ca and 22,000 IU vitamin D3/kg, and 10% flaxseed with 4.5% Ca and 22,000 IU vitamin D3/kg, and two strains of birds, DeKalb Delta (DD) and Hy-Line W-36 (HL), to evaluate long-term effects of flaxseed supplementation on egg production parameters. Each of the five treatments was randomly assigned and replicated six times with five hens per replicate pen from 21 to 57 wk of age. Phase I was from 21 to 39 wk, Phase II was from 40 to 48 wk, and Phase III was from 49 to 57 wk. Feed consumption was significantly (P < 0.04) greater for the hens fed 10% flaxseed diets (100.9 g) when compared to the corn-soy controls (99.3 g). Overall average egg production (P < 0.05) was 87.8, 87.1, 86.0, 87.1, 84.8, for diets 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Average hen weights during the study were significantly lower for the flaxseed-fed hens (1.559 kg) compared to the controls (1.616 kg). Egg weight was significantly affected by diet during Phase III with heavier eggs from flaxseed fed hens (62.6 g) compared to controls (61.44 g), but overall egg weight was not significantly affected. Average egg mass was not significantly affected by dietary treatments, but DD hens had a decrease in egg mass with Ca supplementation (Diet 2 vs. Diet 3), whereas HL egg mass increased with Ca supplementation. Percentage albumen had a significant strain effect and strain by diet interactions. Overall, significantly less albumen (P < 0.001) was produced by HL (59.4%) compared to DD (61.3%). Supplemental Ca increased albumen percentage in DD (interaction effect P < 0.03) and decreased albumen percentage in the HL strain. Flaxseed supplementation significantly increased albumen percentage (P < 0.02) when compared to the corn-soy control, 60.5 and 59.9%, respectively. An interaction effect (P < 0.01) was noted for percentage wet yolk, in which increasing Ca decreased wet yolk percentage in DD but increased yolk percentage in HL. Wet yolk percentage was also significantly (P < 0.001) less in DD (25.0%) when compared to HL (26.9%). Addition of flaxseed decreased yolk percent when compared to controls (P < 0.03) during Phase II. Ca supplementation significantly (P < 0.03) increased yolk solids in both strains. Grams of yolk solids per egg were affected by flaxseed supplementation (P < 0.06). Flaxseed eggs contained 7.18 g per egg yolk solids compared to 7.3 g in corn-soy control group. Wet shell percentage was significantly lower in the flaxseed diets (12.4%) when compared to the controls (12.6%). Addition of flaxseed to the diet of laying hens did not have any adverse effects on egg production parameters, but flaxseed supplementation can significantly alter weight of yolk solids and yolk and albumen percentages.
我们采用了裂区设计，设置了五种日粮：对照（玉米 - 大豆）日粮含3.8%钙、含3.8%钙的10%亚麻籽日粮、含4.5%钙的10%亚麻籽日粮、含3.8%钙和22,000 IU维生素D3/kg的10%亚麻籽日粮，以及含4.5%钙和22,000 IU维生素D3/kg的10%亚麻籽日粮，并选用了两个品系的蛋鸡，迪卡布三角洲（DD）和海兰W - 36（HL），以评估添加亚麻籽对产蛋性能参数的长期影响。从21至57周龄，将五种处理中的每一种随机分配，并重复六次，每个重复栏中有五只母鸡。第一阶段为21至39周，第二阶段为40至48周，第三阶段为49至57周。与玉米 - 大豆对照日粮（99.3克）相比，饲喂含10%亚麻籽日粮的母鸡采食量显著更高（P < 0.04，为100.9克）。日粮1、2、3、4和5的总体平均产蛋率分别为87.8%、87.1%、86.0%、87.1%和84.8%（P < 0.05）。在研究期间，饲喂亚麻籽的母鸡平均体重（1.559千克）显著低于对照组（1.616千克）。在第三阶段，日粮对蛋重有显著影响，饲喂亚麻籽的母鸡所产鸡蛋（62.6克）比对照组（61.44克）重，但总体蛋重没有受到显著影响。日粮处理对平均蛋重没有显著影响，但DD品系母鸡在添加钙后蛋重下降（日粮2与日粮3相比），而HL品系母鸡蛋重在添加钙后增加。蛋白百分比存在显著的品系效应以及品系与日粮的交互作用。总体而言，HL品系母鸡所产蛋白显著更少（P < 0.001，为59.4%），而DD品系为61.3%。补充钙使DD品系母鸡的蛋白百分比增加（交互作用效应P < 0.03），而使HL品系母鸡的蛋白百分比降低。与玉米 - 大豆对照日粮相比，添加亚麻籽显著提高了蛋白百分比（P < 0.02），分别为60.5%和59.9%。蛋黄湿度百分比存在交互作用效应（P < 0.01），即增加钙会使DD品系母鸡的蛋黄湿度百分比降低，但使HL品系母鸡的蛋黄湿度百分比增加。DD品系母鸡的蛋黄湿度百分比（25.0%）也显著低于HL品系（26.9%）（P < 0.001）。在第二阶段，与对照组相比，添加亚麻籽使蛋黄百分比降低（P < 0.03）。补充钙显著增加了两个品系的蛋黄固形物含量（P < 0.03）。每枚鸡蛋的蛋黄固形物克数受到添加亚麻籽的影响（P < 0.06）。亚麻籽组鸡蛋每枚蛋黄固形物含量为7.18克，而玉米 - 大豆对照组为7.3克。与对照组（12.6%）相比，亚麻籽日粮组的蛋壳湿度百分比显著更低（12.4%）。在蛋鸡日粮中添加亚麻籽对产蛋性能参数没有任何不利影响，但添加亚麻籽可显著改变蛋黄固形物重量以及蛋黄和蛋白百分比。
