Segal I E
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Feb 1;88(3):994-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.3.994.
The apparently new hadron-like particle ("cygnet") indicated by cosmic ray observations on certain neutron stars is predicted to be a spin 1/2 fermion of magnetic moment and charge 0 and lifetime infinity. This derives from the natural identification of the cygnet with the one hitherto unobserved fundamental fermion of chronometric particle theory, the x or "exon", which plays the role of a quintessential baryon. The "partons" are represented by the other fundamental fermions, consisting of e, nue, and numu; e.g., n = x + e+ + e-, p = x + e+ + nue. With further empirical assignments, chronometric theory has a potential for explaining diverse phenomena, such as mixing in the neutral kaon complex and the nature of the higher electrons. Its fundamental fermion and boson fields transform indecomposably under its symmetry group, the conformal group G. Theoretical elementary particles transforming irreducibly under G derive as successive quotients in a maximal chain of invariant subspaces. Mass fixing by Mach's principle breaks the symmetry down to microscopically observed covariance with respect to the Poincare group P0. The resulting representation is normally irreducible, but splits in the case of the K0 into two P0-irreducible components that are mixed by the excess of the chronometric over the relativistic energy ("gravity"), which provides a "superweak" force that may be explanatory of CP violation.
在某些中子星上通过宇宙射线观测所表明的明显新的类强子粒子（“小天鹅”），预计是一种磁矩为0、电荷为0且寿命无限的自旋1/2费米子。这源于将小天鹅自然地等同于计时粒子理论中迄今未被观测到的基本费米子x或“外显子”，它起着典型重子的作用。“部分子”由其他基本费米子表示，包括电子e、电子中微子nue和渺子中微子numu；例如，中子n = x + e⁺ + e⁻，质子p = x + e⁺ + nue。通过进一步的经验赋值，计时理论有潜力解释各种现象，比如中性K介子复合体中的混合以及高能电子的性质。其基本费米子和玻色子场在其对称群即共形群G下不可分解地变换。在G下不可约变换的理论基本粒子作为不变子空间的最大链中的连续商出现。通过马赫原理确定质量将对称性破缺为相对于庞加莱群P0的微观观测协变性。所得表示通常是不可约的，但在K0的情况下分裂为两个P0不可约分量，它们由计时能量相对于相对论能量（“引力”）的过剩混合，这提供了一种“超弱”力，可能解释CP破坏。
