Hwang S I
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Seoul National University College of Medicine.
Uisahak. 1994;3(1):1-19.
Reform of the medical education in the early 20th century America caused many consequences in the various aspects of the medical fields as well as the improvement of the medical education itself such as the reinforcement of the laboratory training in the basic science courses and hospital instruction in the clinical courses. The reform brought about the direct or indirect elimination of the irregular sectarian practitioners and the minority groups such as black and women from the medical market place, established the concrete position of the regular physicians in the American society, reinforced the biomedical aspects which would become the general tendency in the 20th century Western medicine. And the author stressed that the reform was neither initiated nor invoked but just accelerated by the so-called Flexner Report of 1910, rather it had been performed through the processes of the interaction and struggle between the various contradictory trends, tendencies, and forces such as american Medical Association (AMA), some leading medical educators and scientists, medical colleges, and philanthropic foundations in the socio-cultural millieu gradually moving to favor the "science".
20世纪初美国的医学教育改革在医学领域的各个方面都引发了诸多后果,同时也推动了医学教育自身的进步,比如加强了基础科学课程中的实验室培训以及临床课程中的医院教学。这场改革直接或间接地将非正规的宗派行医者以及黑人、女性等少数群体从医疗市场中淘汰出去,确立了正规医生在美国社会中的具体地位,强化了生物医学方面的内容,而这将成为20世纪西方医学的总体趋势。作者强调,这场改革并非由1910年所谓的《弗莱克斯纳报告》发起或引发,而只是加速了这一进程,相反,它是通过美国医学协会(AMA)、一些顶尖医学教育家和科学家、医学院以及慈善基金会等各种相互矛盾的趋势、倾向和力量在社会文化环境中逐渐向“科学”倾斜的互动和斗争过程来实现的。