Esther R J
Hist Psychiatry. 1997 Mar;8(29 pt 1):83-93. doi: 10.1177/0957154X9700802906.
Archival records of physical restraint usage at the St. Louis Insane Asylum (now the St. Louis State Hospital) were examined from January through June 1885. The demographics of restrained patients were determined from archival admission records. In the 6-month (181-day) sample period, 53 patients accounted for the total of 2,537 incidents of night restraint. Sixty percent of the restrained patients were women and 53% were immigrants. By far most (98.5%) of the incidents of restraint were brought on by violent behaviour (fighting, destroying property, injury to self) while most incidents in modern hospitals result from verbal threats or shouting. When these records were combined with day restraint records from the same 6-month period in 1889, an overall incidence rate of 9.7% per month was estimated. This is similar to rates reported from modern psychiatric hospitals. Possible reasons for the discrepancies and similarities in the types of patients restrained and the activities which brought on restraint in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are discussed.
对圣路易斯精神病院（现为圣路易斯州立医院）1885年1月至6月期间使用身体约束措施的档案记录进行了检查。通过档案入院记录确定了受到约束患者的人口统计学特征。在为期6个月（181天）的抽样期间，53名患者共计发生了2537次夜间约束事件。受到约束的患者中有60%为女性，53%为移民。到目前为止，绝大多数（98.5%）的约束事件是由暴力行为（打架、破坏财产、自残）引起的，而现代医院的大多数事件是由言语威胁或叫嚷导致的。当这些记录与1889年同一6个月期间的日间约束记录相结合时，估计每月的总体发生率为9.7%。这与现代精神病医院报告的发生率相似。文中讨论了19世纪和20世纪在受到约束的患者类型以及导致约束的活动方面存在差异和相似之处的可能原因。
