Cook G M
Sci Can. 1998;22:7-50. doi: 10.7202/800406ar.
As insecticides were adopted by Canadian farmers and fruit-growers after 1871, the resources conferred on economic entomology by the Dominion and Ontario governments grew. In 1886, with the establishment of the Experimental Farms system, James Fletcher, the Dominion entomologist and botanist, and his colleagues inherited the task of promoting insecticides to orchardists and others. In 1898-1900, in response to the arrival in Ontario of the San Jose scale, Canada and Ontario adopted laws mandating the use of insecticides, as sprays and fumigants, in orchards and at plant quarantine stations. To meet the resulting demand for trained technicians and scientifically-minded farmers, the institutions of applied entomology federally and at the Ontario Agricultural College were further developed. In 1910, after a decade of rapid diffusion of insecticides, Parliament adopted the Destructive Insects and Pest Act, thus creating a national system of horticultural hygiene.
1871年之后，随着加拿大农民和果农开始使用杀虫剂，加拿大自治领和安大略省政府赋予经济昆虫学的资源也有所增加。1886年，随着实验农场系统的建立，加拿大自治领昆虫学家兼植物学家詹姆斯·弗莱彻及其同事承担起向果农和其他人员推广杀虫剂的任务。1898年至1900年，为应对圣何塞蚧虫传入安大略省的情况，加拿大和安大略省通过了法律，规定在果园和植物检疫站必须使用杀虫剂，包括喷雾剂和熏蒸剂。为满足由此产生的对训练有素的技术人员和具有科学头脑的农民的需求，联邦和安大略农业学院的应用昆虫学机构得到了进一步发展。1910年，在杀虫剂迅速普及十年之后，议会通过了《毁灭性昆虫和害虫法案》，从而建立了一个国家园艺卫生系统。
