Madsen W
Int Hist Nurs J. 1999 Autumn;4(4):19-25.
During the time of nursing reforms being advocated by Nightingale in the 1860s, the medical profession was also undergoing considerable change and reform. Scientific developments were beginning to make an impact on the world of medicine, and health reformists were campaigning for public health initiatives. As part of this health reformation, nurses took on the tasks of observation and monitoring of patients (formally delegated to trainee doctors) within the wards of the general hospitals. This was a significant alteration in responsibility for nurses, when compared with the almost exclusive domestic duties they were responsible for prior to these reforms. However, this monitoring role did not remain solely at the bedside, and over time, nurses engaged in a number of ward monitoring activities as well, such as counting cutlery and crockery. This paper explores this monitoring role of nurses and how it related to the activities of doctors and hospital administrators. The material contained in this paper is based on research conducted into the general nursing practices of trainee nurses at the Rockhampton Hospital during the 1930s and 1940s. This paper focuses on the years 1930-1950 because this era witnessed many changes with regards to both the medical and nursing professions. These changes included an increase in the influence of medical technology and the role of the hospital as the primary location for the treatment of ill-health.
在19世纪60年代南丁格尔倡导护理改革期间，医学专业也在经历重大变革。科学发展开始对医学领域产生影响，健康改革者们为公共卫生倡议开展活动。作为这次健康改革的一部分，护士在综合医院的病房里承担起了观察和监测患者的任务（此前这些任务正式由实习医生负责）。与改革前她们几乎 solely 负责的家务职责相比，这是护士职责的重大转变。然而，这种监测角色并非仅局限于床边，随着时间推移，护士还参与了一些病房监测活动，比如清点餐具。本文探讨了护士的这种监测角色以及它与医生和医院管理人员活动的关系。本文所包含的材料基于对20世纪30年代和40年代罗克汉普顿医院实习护士的一般护理实践所进行的研究。本文聚焦于1930年至1950年，因为这个时期医学和护理专业都发生了许多变化。这些变化包括医疗技术影响力的增强以及医院作为治疗疾病主要场所的作用。 注：原文中“solely”翻译为“仅、只”，但放在这里语义不太通顺，推测可能是“主要”的意思，但按照要求未修改原文进行翻译。
