Becker T, Bennett D
Klinik und Poliklinik fur Psychiatrie, Universitat Leipzig, Liebigstrasse, Leipzig, Germany.
Hist Psychiatry. 2000 Jun;11(42 Pt 2):189-211. doi: 10.1177/0957154X0001104204.
Rudolf Karl Freudenberg was Physician Superintendent at Netherne Hospital, Couldsdon, Surrey from 1951 to 1973. In his work as superintendent and government adviser he made important contributions to mental hospital reform and to the establishment of community psychiatric services in Britain. Earlier, in Vienna and following emigration to Britain, he was one of the pioneers of insulin coma treatment with a series of publications on this topic. The paper gives an account of published papers of both phases, and it highlights the background to Freudenberg's shift in professional interest from physical to social intervention. It argues that the change of emphasis reflects important general trends, i.e. profound change due to new forms of physical treatment on the one hand and similarly convincing evidence of the impact of social factors on clinical course and outcome on the other hand.
鲁道夫·卡尔·弗罗伊登贝格在1951年至1973年期间担任萨里郡库尔斯登内瑟恩医院的医务主任。在担任医务主任和政府顾问期间，他为英国的精神病院改革以及社区精神科服务的建立做出了重要贡献。早些时候，在维也纳以及移民到英国之后，他是胰岛素昏迷疗法的先驱之一，并发表了一系列关于该主题的论文。本文介绍了这两个阶段发表的论文，并着重阐述了弗罗伊登贝格专业兴趣从身体干预转向社会干预的背景。文章认为，这种重点的转变反映了重要的总体趋势，一方面是由于新的身体治疗形式带来的深刻变化，另一方面是社会因素对临床病程和结果的影响同样有令人信服的证据。
