Chast F
Rev Hist Pharm (Paris). 1998;46(320):391-6.
The exhibition held in Paris commemorating the bicentenial of Heinrich Heine showed three prescriptions by Dr. D. Gruby, through which morphine was prescribed for the poet by external route. The use of morphine was justified in a patient with unrelieved pain caused by neurosyphilis during the last twelve years of his life. This way of morphine administration (endemic method) was quite popular between 1830 and 1860. The process consisted in stripping the derm with the help of a vesicant and in applying directly on it morphine salts crystals. Several authors commented the interest of this way of administration rather uncomfortable for the patient but apparently very effective.
在巴黎举办的纪念海因里希·海涅诞辰两百周年的展览中，展示了D. 格鲁比医生开出的三张处方，通过这些处方，吗啡经外用途径被开给了这位诗人。在诗人生命的最后十二年里，由于神经梅毒导致疼痛无法缓解，使用吗啡是合理的。这种吗啡给药方式（地方流行方法）在1830年至1860年间相当流行。其过程包括借助发泡剂剥去皮肤表层，然后直接在上面敷上吗啡盐晶体。几位作者评论了这种给药方式，认为它对患者来说相当不舒服，但显然非常有效。
