Raybould J N, Grunewald J
Tropenmed Parasitol. 1975 Jun;26(2):155-68.
The laboratory colonization of African simuliids would facilitate critical work on many aspects of their biology and onchocerciasis vectors could be studied away from natural breeding-sites. In addition to a review of the literature of past achievements in this field, the authors' own studies are described: these centred on the Simulium damnosum and S. neavei complexes because they include vectors of human onchocerciasis. Other species studied included vectors of Onchocerca gutturosa and avian Haematozoa. Techniques for collecting the various developmental stages of African simuliids are discussed. Adult simuliids may be kept singly in small containers, or together in larger vessels, and fed on sugar-solutions, fruits or flowers. Only two members of the S. damnosum complex (one not yet identified) and one S. bovis complex species are so far known to mate in captivity. Many African simuliids have been blood-fed in captivity from sources including blood-soaked filter paper, birds, rabbits, man and the McMahon feeding apparatus, but results have been inconsistent and a few species have rarely taken blood. Blood/sugar mixtures have given better results, but in most cases normal oogenesis has not subsequently occurred. Some African simuliids lay eggs when kept in tubes, while others do so if placed in water and/or after decapitation. Although some females either fail to oviposit or retain many eggs, others lay a large number, but usually not all develop. The eggs of one species have been temporarily stored at low temperatures, but required protection from fungal attack. Larval development requires adequate water-flow and correct hydro-chemical conditions. Various rearing techniques are described. An apparatus in which the conditions of the water may be regulated has recently been modified for use with the S. damnosum complex and three members of the complex have been reared successfully so far. The Kibwezi form of the S. damnosum complex has been successfully induced to complete every stage of its life-cycle in the laboratory. The reduction of wastage throughout the life-cycle is now being attempted.
非洲蚋的实验室饲养有助于开展关于其生物学诸多方面的关键研究，盘尾丝虫病病媒可在远离自然繁殖地的地方进行研究。除了回顾该领域过去成就的文献外，还描述了作者自己的研究：这些研究主要集中在恶蚋复合体和内氏蚋复合体上，因为它们包含人类盘尾丝虫病的病媒。研究的其他物种包括结节盘尾丝虫病病媒和禽类血孢子虫病病媒。讨论了收集非洲蚋不同发育阶段的技术。成年蚋可以单独饲养在小容器中，也可以一起饲养在较大的容器中，并喂食糖溶液、水果或花朵。到目前为止，已知只有恶蚋复合体的两个成员（其中一个尚未鉴定）和一个牛蚋复合体物种能在圈养条件下交配。许多非洲蚋在圈养条件下通过包括血浸滤纸、鸟类、兔子、人类和麦克马洪喂食装置在内的来源进行血饲，但结果并不一致，一些物种很少取食血液。血液/糖混合物效果更好，但在大多数情况下随后并未发生正常的卵子发生。一些非洲蚋在饲养于试管中时产卵，而其他蚋在置于水中和/或断头后产卵。尽管一些雌性要么不产卵，要么保留许多卵，但其他雌性产卵数量很多，但通常并非所有卵都能发育。一个物种的卵已在低温下临时储存，但需要防止真菌侵袭。幼虫发育需要充足的水流和正确的水化学条件。描述了各种饲养技术。一种可调节水质条件的装置最近已进行改装，用于饲养恶蚋复合体，到目前为止该复合体的三个成员已成功饲养。恶蚋复合体的基贝齐型已在实验室中成功诱导完成其生命周期的每个阶段。目前正在尝试减少整个生命周期中的损耗。
