Calabrese T, Baum J A, Silverman B S
Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Canada
Soc Sci Res. 2000 Dec;29(4):503-34. doi: 10.1006/ssre.2000.0679.
Fligstein (1996) contends that organizations act to exploit the institutional context in which they are embedded so as to stabilize the competition they face. Drawing on Fligstein's theoretical analysis, we conceptualize incumbent biotechnology firms' patent-ing and alliance-building activities as attempts to stabilize and control potential competition and analyze how these activities shape rates of founding in the Canadian biotechnology industry. We find that increases in the level and concentration of incumbents' patenting discourage founding, particularly in human application sectors of the industry where development and approval processes are more costly and time consuming. Incumbents' horizontal alliances depress start-ups; vertical alliances stimulate start-ups. Our findings highlight how technology appropriation and strategic alliances structure the competitive dynamics and evolution of high-technology, knowledge-intensive industries.
弗利格斯坦（1996年）认为，组织会采取行动利用其所处的制度环境，以稳定它们所面临的竞争。借鉴弗利格斯坦的理论分析，我们将现有生物技术公司的专利申请和联盟建立活动概念化为稳定和控制潜在竞争的尝试，并分析这些活动如何影响加拿大生物技术行业的创业率。我们发现，现有公司专利申请的水平和集中度的提高会抑制创业，特别是在该行业的人类应用领域，那里的开发和审批过程成本更高、耗时更长。现有公司的横向联盟会抑制初创企业；纵向联盟则会刺激初创企业。我们的研究结果凸显了技术占有和战略联盟如何构建高科技、知识密集型行业的竞争动态和演变。
