Hanson H
Lychnos Lardomshist Samf Arsb. 1993:9-33.
Early 20th century race biology takes a special interest in woman as part of the "intra-racial" project of bringing forth healthy and competitive individuals. But there are other motives as well for the race biologist to take an interest in woman. She is believed to develop fewer individual characteristics and is therefore a more typical representative of her race than man. The development level of the race is also presupposed to be discernible by the degree of "gender diformism": a race of higher standing would exhibit a greater difference between the sexes. The anthropologist, anatomist, gynaecologist--or whatever guise the race biologist may adopt-- will, in principle, stress that the relation between the sexes is not a matter of "more or less", but one of differences in kind. In reality, the "more-or-less of comparison is the very cornerstone of the issue. Quantitative differences, directly observed or obtained from statistics, are construed as signs of difference in kind. 18th century medical philosophy and sex-linked anthropology laid the theoretical foundation of the 19th century essentialist conception of woman, which is also that adopted by race biology. Eugenics of social Darwinist inspiration regarded prophylactic health care and social welfare programs with scepticism. A race biology founded on the man-woman dualism could sustain altogether different conclusions. An advanced culture calls for extensive division of labour. An extended childhood renders possible higher development but will also impose higher demands on woman. The protection of the female organism is thus an exigency for any people or race striving to survive and evolve. From society's care for the female organism health care for women and preventive maternity care will emerge. Race biology has been a preeminently German concern, as indicated by the selection of works taken to represent this perspective on woman: Bartels-Ploss' Das Weib, C.H. Stratz' Die Rassenschönheit des Weibes and Oskar Schultze's Das Weib: In anthropologischer und sozialer Betrachtung.
20世纪初的种族生物学对女性产生了特别的兴趣，将其视为培育健康且具竞争力个体的“种族内部”计划的一部分。但种族生物学家对女性感兴趣还有其他动机。人们认为女性展现出的个体特征较少，因此相较于男性，她是其种族更典型的代表。种族的发展水平还被假定可通过“性别异形”的程度来辨别：地位更高的种族在两性之间会表现出更大的差异。人类学家、解剖学家、妇科医生——或者无论种族生物学家会采用何种身份——原则上都会强调两性关系不是“或多或少”的问题，而是本质上的差异。实际上，“或多或少的比较”正是这个问题的基石。直接观察到的或从统计数据中获得的数量差异被解读为本质差异的迹象。18世纪的医学哲学和与性别相关的人类学奠定了19世纪女性本质主义观念的理论基础，而种族生物学也采用了这一观念。受社会达尔文主义启发的优生学对预防性医疗保健和社会福利项目持怀疑态度。基于男女二元论的种族生物学可能会得出截然不同的结论。先进的文化需要广泛的劳动分工。延长的童年期使更高水平的发展成为可能，但也会对女性提出更高要求。因此，对于任何努力生存和进化的民族或种族来说，保护女性机体都是当务之急。从社会对女性机体的关爱中将会产生女性保健和预防性孕产护理。种族生物学一直是德国极为关注的问题，这从被选来代表这种对女性观点的著作中可见一斑：巴特尔 - 普洛斯的《女性》、C.H. 施特拉茨的《女性的种族美》以及奥斯卡·舒尔茨的《女性：从人类学和社会角度的考量》。
