Parker Lisa S
Kennedy Inst Ethics J. 1993 Mar;3(1):57-76. doi: 10.1353/ken.0.0158.
In April 1992 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced it was restricting the availability of silicone gel-filled breast implants to women enrolled in clinical trials. All candidates for breast reconstruction, but only a "very limited" number of augmentation candidates, would have access to the implants. This policy has been criticized as paternalistic, sexist, and unjustified by scientific data. I examine these charges and conclude that controversy surrounding the scientific data weakens the FDA's paternalistic mandate and that its policy of treating reconstruction and augmentation candidates differently results in increased social injustice and perpetuates cultural biases concerning female beauty and women's rights to control their bodies. I also argue that these cultural biases shape women's subjective experience of their physical selves and should not, contrary to some feminist arguments, be viewed as precluding their giving informed consent to breast surgery.
1992年4月，美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）宣布，将限制向参与临床试验的女性提供硅胶填充式乳房植入物。所有乳房重建的候选者都可以获得植入物，但只有“非常有限”数量的隆胸候选者能够获得。这一政策被批评为家长式作风、性别歧视，且缺乏科学数据依据。我对这些指控进行了审视，得出的结论是，围绕科学数据的争议削弱了FDA的家长式管理权力，而且其对重建候选者和隆胸候选者区别对待的政策，导致了社会不公加剧，并使有关女性美和女性控制自己身体权利的文化偏见长期存在。我还认为，这些文化偏见塑造了女性对自身身体的主观体验，而且与一些女权主义观点相反，不应将其视为妨碍女性对乳房手术给予知情同意的因素。
