Newson Ainsley, Williamson Robert
Bioethics. 1999 Jul;13(3-4):327-42. doi: 10.1111/1467-8519.00161.
Although the concept of intelligence is difficult to define, research has provided evidence for a significant genetic component. Attempts are now being made to use molecular genetic approaches to identify genes contributing to intelligence, and to determine the ways in which they interact with environmental variables. This research is then likely to determine the developmental pathways of intelligence, in an effort to understand mental handicap and learning disorders and develop new treatment strategies. This paper reviews research on the genetic basis of intelligence, and discusses the ethical concerns, including the role of genetic information, the value we place on intelligence and the allocation of resources. It will be argued that the objections raised are problematic, and that because of the value of this knowledge and the prospect of improving lives, this research is morally required. We will then provide a brief analysis of the issues raised by enhancement of intelligence using genetic technology, and will argue that there is no intrinsic difference between this and other means of optimising intelligence.
尽管智力的概念难以界定,但研究已为其显著的遗传成分提供了证据。目前正尝试运用分子遗传学方法来识别对智力有贡献的基因,并确定它们与环境变量相互作用的方式。这项研究随后可能会确定智力的发育途径,以努力理解智力障碍和学习障碍,并开发新的治疗策略。本文回顾了关于智力遗传基础的研究,并讨论了伦理问题,包括遗传信息的作用、我们赋予智力的价值以及资源分配。有人会认为提出的反对意见存在问题,而且鉴于这些知识的价值以及改善生活的前景,这项研究在道德上是必要的。然后我们将简要分析利用基因技术增强智力所引发的问题,并认为这与其他优化智力的手段并无本质区别。