Crystal Engineering in [(12C4)(2)Na][Cd(SCN)(3)]: First Example of an Anionic Cadmium Thiocyanate Coordination Solid with a Sandwich [(12C4)(2)Na](+) Cation as Spacer/Controller, Resulting in a Hexagonal Arrangement of Antiparallel Zigzag [Cd(SCN)(3)(-)](infinity) Chains.

This paper reports the synthesis, characterization, and structure of [(12C4)(2)Na][Cd(SCN)(3)] (3). The title compound 3 represents the first example of an anionic cadmium thiocyanate coordination solid in which a sandwich (12C4)(2)Na monocation serves as the spacer/controller, giving rise to a hexagonal array of antiparallel infinite zigzag Cd(SCN)(3)(-) chains with the cations occupying the triangular channels. The title compound 3 crystallizes in a monoclinic unit cell of P2(1)/n space group symmetry with lattice parameters of 13.204(2) Å, 10.692(2) Å, 21.036(1) Å, 95.520(8) degrees, and Z = 4. A detailed comparison of the title structure (3) with that of (18C6)(2)Na(2)(H(2)O)(2)[Cd(SCN)(3)] (1) and [(18C6)K][Cd(SCN)(3)] (2) revealed that the arrangement and the alignment of the infinite anionic Cd(SCN)(3)(-) zigzag chains are dictated by the dimensions and symmetry, respectively, of the cations. The infinite anionic Cd(SCN)(3)(-) chains in 1 and 2 form an approximate tetragonal array, creating square channels which are filled with the dimeric (18C6)(2)Na(2)(H(2)O)(2) (in 1) or with two monomeric (18C6)K (in 2) cations while the infinite anionic Cd(SCN)(3)(-) chains in 3 adopt an approximate hexagonal arrangement with the triangular channels filled by the smaller (12C4)(2)Na cations (the dimension effect). The relative alignment (either parallel or antiparallel) of the anionic chains is dictated by the symmetry or approximate symmetry of the cations. Thus, both the dimeric cation in 1 and the sandwich cation in 3 give rise to antiparallel alignment of the anionic Cd(SCN)(3)(-) chains with the centrosymmetric space group P2(1)/n whereas the disklike cation in 2 gives rise to parallel alignment of Cd(SCN)(3)(-) chains with noncentrosymmetric space group Cmc2(1) (the symmetry effect).