Liang J, Liu X, Gu S
School of Public Health and Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2001 Nov;54(11):1126-38. doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00390-0.
The vast majority of research on socioeconomic status (SES) and old-age disability is based on data derived from the developed nations. This study evaluates the external validity of current findings by examining old-age disability in China, a developing nation. The direct, indirect, and total effects of SES on disability transitions were ascertained during a 3-year period in a probability sample of 2,943 people aged 60 years or older in Wuhan, China. As SES measures, education and urban residence exert distinct direct and indirect effects on functional transitions with complicated underlying mechanisms. SES has differential effects on functional transitions depending on one's prior functional state. Furthermore, the generally positive effects of SES are partially offset by negative indirect effects
绝大多数关于社会经济地位（SES）与老年残疾的研究是基于发达国家的数据。本研究通过考察中国（一个发展中国家）的老年残疾情况来评估当前研究结果的外部有效性。在中国武汉，对2943名60岁及以上的老年人进行概率抽样，在3年期间确定了SES对残疾转变的直接、间接和总体影响。作为SES的衡量指标，教育程度和城市居住状况对功能转变具有不同的直接和间接影响，其潜在机制复杂。SES对功能转变的影响因个体先前的功能状态而异。此外，SES通常具有的积极影响部分被负面的间接影响所抵消。
