Ost L G, Svensson L, Hellström K, Lindwall R
Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001 Oct;69(5):814-24.
Sixty children, ages 7-17 years, who fulfilled Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) diagnosis for various specific phobias were randomized to (a) 1-session exposure treatment alone, (b) 1-session treatment with a parent present, or (c) wait-list control group for 4 weeks. After the waiting period, the wait-list patients were rerandomized to the active treatments. The patients' phobias were assessed with behavioral approach tests (approach behavior, experienced anxiety, and physiological reactions), whereas general anxiety, depression, phobic tendencies, and anxiety sensitivity were assessed with self-report inventories. Assessments were done pre-, post-, and 1-year following treatment. Results showed that both treatment conditions did significantly better than the control condition, whereas the treatment groups did equally well on most measures, and the effects were maintained at follow-up. The implications of these results are discussed.
60名年龄在7至17岁之间、符合《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（第4版；美国精神病学协会，1994年）中各种特定恐惧症诊断标准的儿童被随机分为三组：（a）仅接受1次暴露疗法治疗；（b）在有家长在场的情况下接受1次治疗；（c）列入等待名单的对照组，为期4周。等待期过后，列入等待名单的患者被重新随机分配到积极治疗组。通过行为接近测试（接近行为、体验到的焦虑和生理反应）对患者的恐惧症进行评估，而通过自我报告量表对一般焦虑、抑郁、恐惧倾向和焦虑敏感性进行评估。评估在治疗前、治疗后以及治疗后1年进行。结果显示，两种治疗条件均显著优于对照条件，而两个治疗组在大多数指标上表现相当，且这些效果在随访时得以维持。文中讨论了这些结果的意义。
