Icardo J M, Colvee E
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
J Anat. 2001 Oct;199(Pt 4):473-82. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19940473.x.
This paper reports on the origin and distribution of the coronary arteries in normal mice and in mice of the iv/iv strain, which show situs inversus and heterotaxia. The coronary arteries were studied by direct observation of the aortic sinuses with the scanning electron microscope, and by examination of vascular corrosion casts. In the normal mouse, the left and right coronaries (LC, RC) arise from the respective Valsalva sinus and course along the ventricular borders to reach the heart apex. Along this course the coronary arteries give off small branches at perpendicular or acute angles to supply the ventricles. The ventricular septum is supplied by the septal artery, which arises as a main branch from the right coronary. Conus arteries arise from the main coronary trunks, from the septal artery and/or directly from the Valsalva sinus. The vascular casts demonstrate the presence of intercoronary anastomoses. The origin of the coronary arteries was found to be abnormal in 84% of the iv/iv mice. These anomalies included double origin, high take-off, slit-like openings and the presence of a single coronary orifice. These anomalies occurred singly or in any combination, and were independent of heart situs. The septal artery originated from RC in most cases of situs solitus but originated predominantly from LC in situs inversus hearts. Except for this anomalous origin no statistical correlation was found between the coronary anomalies and heart situs or a particular mode of heterotaxia. The coronary anomalies observed in the iv/iv mice are similar to those found in human hearts. Most coronary anomalies appear to be due to defective connections between the aortic root and the developing coronaries. iv/iv mice may therefore constitute a good model to study the development of similar anomalies in the human heart.
本文报道了正常小鼠以及表现出内脏反位和内脏异位的iv/iv品系小鼠冠状动脉的起源和分布情况。通过扫描电子显微镜直接观察主动脉窦以及检查血管铸型来研究冠状动脉。在正常小鼠中，左冠状动脉和右冠状动脉（LC，RC）分别起源于各自的主动脉窦，并沿着心室边缘走行至心尖。在此走行过程中，冠状动脉以垂直或锐角发出小分支以供应心室。室间隔由间隔动脉供应，间隔动脉作为主要分支起源于右冠状动脉。圆锥动脉起源于主要冠状动脉干、间隔动脉和/或直接起源于主动脉窦。血管铸型显示存在冠状动脉间吻合。在84%的iv/iv小鼠中发现冠状动脉起源异常。这些异常包括双起源、高位起始、裂隙状开口以及存在单一冠状动脉口。这些异常单独出现或任意组合出现，且与心脏位置无关。在大多数正位心脏病例中，间隔动脉起源于右冠状动脉，但在反位心脏中主要起源于左冠状动脉。除了这种异常起源外，未发现冠状动脉异常与心脏位置或特定内脏异位模式之间存在统计学相关性。在iv/iv小鼠中观察到的冠状动脉异常与在人类心脏中发现的异常相似。大多数冠状动脉异常似乎是由于主动脉根部与发育中的冠状动脉之间连接缺陷所致。因此，iv/iv小鼠可能构成一个研究人类心脏中类似异常发育的良好模型。
