RHD sequencing: a new tool for decision making on transfusion therapy and provision of Rh prophylaxis.

The serological differentiation of weak D from partial D, D-negative and D-positive is not always unequivocal. Therefore, sequencing of the RHD gene is required in some cases. Very recently, several new differences between RHD and RHCE have been identified which permitted us to design primers close to the exon/intron boundaries of the RHD-exons. We evaluated these primers in 83 D-positive and 18 D-negative blood donors and applied the new method for the characterization of the RHD gene in six individuals with weak D phenotype. The amplification reactions were concordant with serological findings in 100 of 101 donors (99.0%). In one D-positive donor the PCR for exons 2 and 5 gave a negative result, while the sequence of the remaining eight exons was unchanged. By sequencing samples with very weak D serological reactions, we identified weak D type 4.2.2 and weak D type 15, both previously reported to be associated with anti-D-alloimmunization. Consequently, we recommended the selection of D-negative blood in the weak D type 4.2.2 patient, and the provision of Rh prophylaxis for pregnant women with weak D type 15. In summary, a new RHD sequencing method was developed which can be applied if serological reactions are inconclusive.