Cetkauskaite A, Zarkov D, Stoskus L
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Ciurllonio Str. 21, Vilnius LT-2009, Lithuania.
Ambio. 2001 Aug;30(4-5):297-305.
The Lithuanian water-management system developed on the basis of Soviet regulations in 1950-1990. Surface-water quality monitoring started in the 1950s, and the system was improved in the 1960s. Today, 48 rivers are being monitored using up to 70 parameters. Statutory monitoring of discharges started in 1962, wastewater standards were issued in 1957 and 1966, and then revised in 1996. Wastewater-treatment plants were built first in rural areas, in factories since the 1950s, and later in towns. Since 1991, large capacity municipal plants have been constructed with foreign assistance. Water quality has improved in some rivers since 1970, but Lithuania's main river, Nemunas, remains moderately polluted. The lower Nemunas is especially affected by discharges of municipal and industrial wastewater from Sovietsk and Neman (Russia), which account for half of the total loading. Hydrobiological data of 1994-1998 indicated the eutrophication of the Curonian Lagoon, and bacteriological pollution and blue-green algae blooms in the Baltic Sea north of Klaipeda.
立陶宛的水管理系统是在1950年至1990年苏联法规的基础上发展起来的。地表水水质监测始于20世纪50年代，并在60年代得到改进。如今，正在对48条河流进行监测，监测参数多达70个。排放的法定监测始于1962年，废水标准于1957年和1966年发布，随后在1996年进行了修订。污水处理厂首先建于农村地区，自20世纪50年代起在工厂中建造，后来在城镇中建造。自1991年以来，在外国援助下建造了大容量的市政污水处理厂。自1970年以来，一些河流的水质有所改善，但立陶宛的主要河流涅曼河仍然受到中度污染。涅曼河下游尤其受到来自俄罗斯苏维埃茨克和涅曼的市政和工业废水排放的影响，这些排放占总负荷的一半。1994年至1998年的水生生物学数据表明，库尔斯沙嘴泻湖出现富营养化，克莱佩达以北的波罗的海存在细菌污染和蓝绿藻大量繁殖的情况。
