Macek M D, Edelstein B L, Manski R J
Department of Oral Health Care Delivery, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA.
Pediatr Dent. 2001 Sep-Oct;23(5):383-9.
Data from the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were analyzed to determine the distribution of diagnostic and preventive, surgical, and other dental visit types received by U.S. children, aged 0-18 years.
Weighted point estimates and standard errors were generated using SUDAAN and stratified by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and poverty status.
Overall, 39.3% of children had a diagnostic or preventive visit, 4.1% had a surgical visit, and 16.2% had a visit for a restorative/other service. Diagnostic and preventive services were most common, across age categories. For all types of service, utilization was higher among white and non-poor children, but there were no differences by gender. Age-specific associations were mixed, with diagnostic and preventive service and surgical service utilization having a different distribution than other service type. Poverty status was generally not associated with service-specific utilization among African-American children.
There are profound disparities in the level of dental services obtained by children, especially among minority and poor youth. Findings suggest that Medicaid fails to assure comprehensive dental services for eligible children. Improvements in oral health care for minority and poor children are necessary if national health objectives for 2010 are to be met successfully.
分析1996年医疗支出小组调查的数据，以确定美国0至18岁儿童接受的诊断与预防性、外科及其他牙科就诊类型的分布情况。
使用SUDAAN生成加权点估计值和标准误差，并按年龄、性别、种族/民族和贫困状况进行分层。
总体而言，39.3%的儿童进行了诊断或预防性就诊，4.1%进行了外科就诊，16.2%进行了修复/其他服务就诊。诊断和预防性服务在各年龄组中最为常见。对于所有类型的服务，白人儿童和非贫困儿童的利用率较高，但性别之间没有差异。特定年龄的关联情况不一，诊断和预防性服务以及外科服务的利用率分布与其他服务类型不同。贫困状况通常与非裔美国儿童的特定服务利用率无关。
儿童获得的牙科服务水平存在巨大差异，尤其是在少数族裔和贫困青少年中。研究结果表明，医疗补助计划未能确保符合条件的儿童获得全面的牙科服务。如果要成功实现2010年的国家卫生目标，就必须改善少数族裔和贫困儿童的口腔保健。
