Tomandl B F, Hastreiter P, Rezk-Salama C, Engel K, Ertl T, Huk W J, Naraghi R, Ganslandt O, Nimsky C, Eberhardt K E
Division of Neuroradiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Radiographics. 2001 Nov-Dec;21(6):1561-72. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.21.6.g01nv241561.
The increasing capabilities of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and multisection spiral computed tomography (CT) to acquire volumetric data with near-isotropic voxels make three-dimensional (3D) postprocessing a necessity, especially in studies of complex structures like intracranial vessels. Since most modern CT and MR imagers provide limited postprocessing capabilities, 3D visualization with interactive direct volume rendering requires expensive graphics workstations that are not available at many institutions. An approach has been developed that combines fast visualization on a low-cost PC system with high-quality visualization on a high-end graphics workstation that is directly accessed and remotely controlled from the PC environment via the Internet by using a Java client. For comparison of quality, both techniques were applied to several neuroradiologic studies: visualization of structures related to the inner ear, intracranial aneurysms, and the brainstem and surrounding neurovascular structures. The results of pure PC-based visualization were comparable with those of many commercially available volume-rendering systems. In addition, the high-end graphics workstation with 3D texture-mapping capabilities provides visualization results of the highest quality. Combining local and remote 3D visualization allows even small radiologic institutions to achieve low-cost but high-quality 3D visualization of volumetric data.
磁共振成像（MR）和多层螺旋计算机断层扫描（CT）获取近等体素容积数据的能力不断增强，使得三维（3D）后处理成为必要，尤其是在对颅内血管等复杂结构的研究中。由于大多数现代CT和MR成像仪提供的后处理能力有限，采用交互式直接体绘制的3D可视化需要昂贵的图形工作站，而许多机构都没有这种设备。已经开发出一种方法，通过使用Java客户端，将低成本PC系统上的快速可视化与高端图形工作站上的高质量可视化相结合，该高端图形工作站可通过互联网从PC环境直接访问和远程控制。为了比较质量，这两种技术都应用于多项神经放射学研究：内耳相关结构、颅内动脉瘤以及脑干和周围神经血管结构的可视化。基于纯PC的可视化结果与许多商用体绘制系统的结果相当。此外，具有3D纹理映射功能的高端图形工作站提供了最高质量的可视化结果。将本地和远程3D可视化相结合，即使是小型放射机构也能够实现低成本但高质量的容积数据3D可视化。
