O'Brien T J, Dunlap W P
J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1975 Mar;89(1):86-94. doi: 10.1037/h0076425.
The tonic immobility. response in the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus, Rathbun) was investigated in a series of seven experiments. Although reported to be a powerful variable in other species, preinduction electric shock produced inconsistent increases in the duration of tonic immobility with the blue crab; Manipulations that were more directly relevant to the fear of predation had considerably greater effects than shock. Physical damage to the chelipeds, mirror image stimulation, and immobilization beneath artificial glass eyes all produced significant prolongation of the immobility episode; Crabs immobilized on a bed of sand rather than on a hard surface showed shorter immobility durations, suggesting that opportunity for escape is an important variable affecting the immobility reactionmthe present results support the contention that threat of predation is the organizing principle behind tonic immobility
在一系列七个实验中，对蓝蟹（Callinectes sapidus，拉思本）的强直静止反应进行了研究。尽管据报道在其他物种中预诱导电击是一个强大的变量，但对于蓝蟹来说，预诱导电击产生的强直静止持续时间增加并不一致；与对捕食的恐惧更直接相关的操作比电击产生的影响要大得多。螯足的物理损伤、镜像刺激以及在人造玻璃眼下方固定均使静止期显著延长；固定在沙床上而非坚硬表面上的螃蟹静止持续时间较短，这表明逃脱机会是影响静止反应的一个重要变量。目前的结果支持这样的观点，即捕食威胁是强直静止背后的组织原则。
