Tovt-Korshynska M I, Dew M A, Chopey I V, Spivak M Y, Lemko I S
Department of Internship and Residency, Uzhgorod State University Medical School, Uzhgorod, Ukraine.
J Psychosom Res. 2001 Nov;51(5):629-37. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00254-9.
We sought to examine whether there were gender differences in the relationship of depressive, anxiety-related, and somatic symptomatology to the presence, severity, and duration of asthma.
A total of 54 adult asthma patients (24 women, 30 men) and 31 healthy subjects (19 women, 12 men) were studied. Within each gender group, patients' psychological distress levels were compared as a function of severity (mild vs. moderate) and duration of disease (<5 vs. 5+ years), to each other and with healthy subjects. Data were collected in Ukraine utilizing the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), the best-validated psychological assessment instrument in Eastern European populations.
Relative to healthy women, women with both mild and moderate asthma showed elevated distress in multiple domains reflecting somatic and psychological complaints. In contrast, only men with relatively more severe disease of longer duration showed elevated symptomatology relative to healthy men, with depressive symptoms predominating.
To the extent that distress in response to asthma takes a more diffuse form and may be expressed at milder and earlier stages of the disease in women than men, the findings suggest the need to tailor asthma education and behavioral interventions to the unique psychological needs of women and men in order to be maximally effective.
我们试图研究抑郁、焦虑相关症状及躯体症状与哮喘的存在、严重程度和病程之间的关系是否存在性别差异。
共研究了54名成年哮喘患者（24名女性，30名男性）和31名健康受试者（19名女性，12名男性）。在每个性别组中，将患者的心理困扰水平作为疾病严重程度（轻度与中度）和病程（<5年与5年以上）的函数进行比较，并与健康受试者进行比较。在乌克兰，使用明尼苏达多相人格调查表（MMPI）收集数据，这是东欧人群中验证度最高的心理评估工具。
相对于健康女性，患有轻度和中度哮喘的女性在反映躯体和心理不适的多个领域中表现出更高的困扰。相比之下，只有病程较长且病情相对更严重的男性相对于健康男性表现出更高的症状，以抑郁症状为主。
鉴于女性对哮喘的困扰表现形式更为多样，且在疾病的较轻和较早阶段可能就会表现出来，而男性则不然，研究结果表明需要根据男性和女性独特的心理需求来调整哮喘教育和行为干预措施，以便发挥最大效果。
