Bennett M R, Hacker P M
The Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia.
Prog Neurobiol. 2001 Dec;65(6):499-543. doi: 10.1016/s0301-0082(01)00020-x.
Neuroscientists, in the last half of the 20th century, provided major insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with seeing and remembering. We first identify some of the most important of these discoveries. This is done along lines familiar to neuroscientists who have read many of the recent books and reviews that provide an overview of neuroscientific discoveries. In general, these emphasize the scientific contributions this discipline has made to our understanding of the mechanisms that give rise to the psychological attributes of humans and other animals. In the next sections, we examine the claims made in these overviews; in particular, those by the standard-bearers of neuroscience, in an attempt to clarify what can and what cannot be justified in these claims. This requires a conceptual analysis of a kind that is unfamiliar to most neuroscientists. Our analysis begins with consideration of the conceptual confusions that ensue when neuroscientists attribute seeing, remembering and other psychological attributes to the brain rather than to the creature whose brain it is. Subsequently, we outline what we take to be the appropriate conceptual scheme for neuroscientists to adopt.
在20世纪后半叶，神经科学家对与视觉和记忆相关的细胞和分子机制有了重大见解。我们首先来确定其中一些最重要的发现。这是按照那些读过许多近期书籍和综述的神经科学家所熟悉的思路进行的，这些书籍和综述对神经科学发现进行了概述。总体而言，这些强调了该学科对我们理解产生人类和其他动物心理属性的机制所做出的科学贡献。在接下来的部分中，我们将审视这些综述中的观点；特别是神经科学旗手们的观点，试图厘清这些观点中哪些是合理的，哪些是不合理的。这需要一种大多数神经科学家并不熟悉的概念分析。我们的分析首先考虑当神经科学家将视觉、记忆和其他心理属性归因于大脑而非拥有该大脑的生物时所产生的概念混淆。随后，我们概述我们认为神经科学家应采用的适当概念框架。
