Petersen R C, Doody R, Kurz A, Mohs R C, Morris J C, Rabins P V, Ritchie K, Rossor M, Thal L, Winblad B
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Arch Neurol. 2001 Dec;58(12):1985-92. doi: 10.1001/archneur.58.12.1985.
The field of aging and dementia is focusing on the characterization of the earliest stages of cognitive impairment. Recent research has identified a transitional state between the cognitive changes of normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), known as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Mild cognitive impairment refers to the clinical condition between normal aging and AD in which persons experience memory loss to a greater extent than one would expect for age, yet they do not meet currently accepted criteria for clinically probable AD. When these persons are observed longitudinally, they progress to clinically probable AD at a considerably accelerated rate compared with healthy age-matched individuals. Consequently, this condition has been recognized as suitable for possible therapeutic intervention, and several multicenter international treatment trials are under way. Because this is a topic of intense interest, a group of experts on aging and MCI from around the world in the fields of neurology, psychiatry, geriatrics, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, neuropathology, clinical trials, and ethics was convened to summarize the current state of the field of MCI. Participants reviewed the world scientific literature on aging and MCI and summarized the various topics with respect to available evidence on MCI. Diagnostic criteria and clinical outcomes of these subjects are available in the literature. Mild cognitive impairment is believed to be a high-risk condition for the development of clinically probable AD. Heterogeneity in the use of the term was recognized, and subclassifications were suggested. While no treatments are recommended for MCI currently, clinical trials regarding potential therapies are under way. Recommendations concerning ethical issues in the diagnosis and the management of subjects with MCI were made.
衰老与痴呆领域正专注于认知障碍最早阶段的特征描述。最近的研究已确定了正常衰老的认知变化与阿尔茨海默病（AD）之间的一种过渡状态，即轻度认知障碍（MCI）。轻度认知障碍是指介于正常衰老和AD之间的临床状态，在此状态下，人们经历的记忆丧失程度超过同年龄人预期，但他们不符合目前临床上可能患有AD的公认标准。当对这些人进行纵向观察时，与年龄匹配的健康个体相比，他们发展为临床上可能患有AD的速度要快得多。因此，这种状态已被认为适合进行可能的治疗干预，并且正在进行几项多中心国际治疗试验。由于这是一个备受关注的话题，来自世界各地神经病学、精神病学、老年医学、神经心理学、神经影像学、神经病理学、临床试验和伦理学等领域的一组衰老与MCI专家齐聚一堂，总结MCI领域的现状。参与者查阅了关于衰老和MCI的世界科学文献，并根据关于MCI的现有证据总结了各个主题。这些受试者的诊断标准和临床结果在文献中均有记载。轻度认知障碍被认为是临床上可能发展为AD的高危状态。人们认识到该术语使用存在异质性，并提出了亚分类方法。虽然目前不建议对MCI进行治疗，但关于潜在疗法的临床试验正在进行。会议还就MCI受试者诊断和管理中的伦理问题提出了建议。
