Macrae S M, Cook B V
Br J Cancer. 1975 Jul;32(1):121-33. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1975.138.
Records of approximately 310,000 patients admitted to the 10 hospitals in Botswana between 1960 and 1972 have been studied and details of 1445 patients with malignant tumours abstracted. For the 894 tumours for which there was some supporting evidence--at best histological proof and minimally a clinical description of symptoms--proportional frequencies have been calculated for all sites and comparison made with the findings of other surveys. Cancer of the cervix uteri is overwhelmingly the most commonly occurring malignant tumour and the proportional frequency is among the highest observed in Africa south of the Sahara. Skin tumours are unusually common for Southern Africa in both sexes. In males, penile and prostatic tumours have a relatively high frequency whilst the frequencies for liver and lung are lower than in other parts of Southern Africa. Oesophageal cancer in males has a moderate frequency. Other tumours which show a marked variation of frequency within Africa--Kaposi's sarcoma and cancers of the stomach and bladder--are all low in frequency in Botswana. Tumours which are rare throughout Africa but common in Western Europe and North America--cancers of the colon, rectum and corpus uteri--are also rare in Botswana.
对1960年至1972年间博茨瓦纳10家医院收治的约310,000名患者的记录进行了研究，并提取了1445例恶性肿瘤患者的详细信息。对于894例有一定支持证据的肿瘤——最好是组织学证据，最少也有症状的临床描述——计算了所有部位的比例频率，并与其他调查结果进行了比较。子宫颈癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤，其比例频率在撒哈拉以南非洲地区观察到的频率中名列前茅。皮肤肿瘤在南部非洲的男女中都异常常见。在男性中，阴茎和前列腺肿瘤的频率相对较高，而肝脏和肺部肿瘤的频率低于南部非洲其他地区。男性食管癌的频率适中。在非洲频率有显著差异的其他肿瘤——卡波西肉瘤、胃癌和膀胱癌——在博茨瓦纳的频率都很低。在整个非洲都很罕见但在西欧和北美很常见的肿瘤——结肠癌、直肠癌和子宫体癌——在博茨瓦纳也很罕见。
