Spencer W F, Cliath M M, Davis K R
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1975 Sep;14(3):265-72. doi: 10.1007/BF01685633.
Soil and dust samples from beneath citrus trees contained relatively high concentrations of paraoxon and parathion for at least 45 days after parathion was applied at normal rates. These data indicate that parathion dripping on dry soil from sprayed crops, or sprayed directly on the soil surface, can persist for long periods and be oxidized to the highly toxic paraoxon. The residue concentrations are much higher on the loose dust particles than in the bulk soil. The data indicate that the soil or grove floor should be considered as a possible contributing source of toxicant along with foliage, or dust on foliage, to workers reentering treated fields. In any event, the data confirmed the high rates of oxidation of parathion to paraoxon on particulate matter, whether on foliage (SPEAR et al., 1974) or at the soil surface. The particulate matter appears to contribute to the accumulation of paraoxon, either by enhancing oxidation of parathion to paraoxon or by decreasing dissipation of paraoxon.
按照正常用量施用对硫磷后，至少45天内，柑橘树下的土壤和灰尘样本中对氧磷和对硫磷的浓度相对较高。这些数据表明，喷洒作物上的对硫磷滴落在干燥土壤上，或直接喷洒在土壤表面，会长期残留并氧化为剧毒的对氧磷。松散灰尘颗粒上的残留浓度比整块土壤中的要高得多。数据表明，土壤或果园地面应被视为与树叶或树叶上的灰尘一样，可能是重新进入施药田地的工人接触有毒物质的来源之一。无论如何，这些数据证实了对硫磷在颗粒物上氧化为对氧磷的高发生率，无论是在树叶上（斯皮尔等人，1974年）还是在土壤表面。颗粒物似乎通过增强对硫磷氧化为对氧磷或减少对氧磷的消散，促进了对氧磷的积累。
