Lukacs J R, Walimbe S R, Floyd B
Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.
Am J Hum Biol. 2001 Nov-Dec;13(6):788-807. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.1125.
This study is based on seven samples of school children (n = 516) from rural (five groups) and urban (two groups) settings in western Maharashtra, India. Height and weight were recorded for each subject. Intra-oral observation of the labial surface of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth was conducted with a low power (3x) illuminated hand lens. Presence of enamel hypoplasia was recorded on a dental chart by drawing the size and location of the defect on the affected tooth. Data analysis was conducted in two stages: 1) Enamel hypoplasia (EH) prevalence was analyzed by percentage of teeth and by percentage of individuals affected for the composite sample and independently for each study group and 2) an assessment of the relationship between anthropometric variables (height and weight), socio-economic status (SES), and localized hypoplasia of primary canines (LHPC; Skinner, 1986) was evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis. EH was observed less often in deciduous incisors (0.2% in di(2) to 2.5% in di(2)) than in deciduous canines (dc). Mandibular dc were affected with the greatest frequency (23.1%, tooth count). The overall individual count prevalence of dc hypoplasia (LHPC) is 26.2% (134/511) for all village samples and sexes combined. Difference in LHPC frequency by sex is non-significant, with males (24.7%, 70/284) and females (28.2%, 64/227) exhibiting nearly equal values. Significant inter-group variation in LHPC prevalence was documented among the seven groups, and the range of LHPC prevalence the among living groups exceeds variability in LHPC among four prehistoric Chalcolithic skeletal series of the Deccan Plateau. Multiple regression analysis revealed no significant relationship between height-for-age or weight-for-age in four school samples (two urban/two rural), but a significant association between stature and LHPC was found for three rural endogamous groups. Children with LHPC were significantly shorter by 1.5 cm than children who lacked the defect after controlling for differences in age. While the association between low birth weight and EH is strong and well documented clinically, the association between childhood stature and LHPC is more variable across groups and may reflect inter-group variation in the duration and intensity of environmental stress.
本研究基于印度马哈拉施特拉邦西部农村（五组）和城市（两组）地区的七组学童样本（n = 516）。记录了每个受试者的身高和体重。使用低倍（3倍）带照明的手持放大镜对上颌和下颌前牙的唇面进行口腔内观察。通过在牙图表上绘制患牙缺损的大小和位置来记录釉质发育不全的情况。数据分析分两个阶段进行：1）通过牙齿百分比和受影响个体百分比对综合样本以及每个研究组独立分析釉质发育不全（EH）患病率；2）使用多元线性回归分析评估人体测量变量（身高和体重）、社会经济地位（SES）与乳犬齿局部发育不全（LHPC；Skinner，1986）之间的关系。乳牙切牙中观察到的EH情况（di(2)中为0.2%至di(2)中为2.5%）比乳牙犬齿中少。下颌乳牙犬齿受影响的频率最高（按牙齿计数为23.1%）。所有村庄样本和性别的乳牙犬齿发育不全（LHPC）总体个体患病率为26.2%（134/511）。LHPC频率在性别上的差异不显著，男性（24.7%，70/284）和女性（28.2%，64/227）的数值几乎相等。在七组中记录到LHPC患病率存在显著的组间差异，并且现存组中LHPC患病率的范围超过了德干高原四个史前铜石并用时代骨骼系列中LHPC的变异性。多元回归分析显示，在四个学校样本（两个城市/两个农村）中，年龄别身高或年龄别体重之间没有显著关系，但在三个农村同族通婚组中发现身高与LHPC之间存在显著关联。在控制年龄差异后，患有LHPC的儿童比没有该缺陷的儿童显著矮1.5厘米。虽然低出生体重与EH之间的关联很强且在临床上有充分记录，但儿童身高与LHPC之间的关联在不同组之间更具变异性，可能反映了不同组在环境压力持续时间和强度方面的差异。
