Lantz G
Ersta Skondal University College, Stockholm, Sweden. email:
J Appl Philos. 2000;17(1):21-8. doi: 10.1111/1468-5930.00137.
Types of ethics are classified as more or less holistic in three respects. Current forms of applied ethics (among them reflective equilibrium) are criticized for being reductionist rather than holistic. It is claimed that applied ethics ought to be of a holistic kind. Two examples (tracing of hereditary cancer and active euthanasia) are used for maintaining that a reductionist ethic is of limited use for solving practical moral problems. Some possible roles of the ethicist are discussed. It is maintained that the ethicist ought to be a life philosopher mapping the moral landscape or a personal mentor rather than being a policeman or an ethics engineer.
伦理类型在三个方面或多或少被归类为整体主义的。当前应用伦理学的形式（包括反思平衡）因具有还原论而非整体主义的特点而受到批评。有人认为应用伦理学应该是整体主义的那种。两个例子（遗传性癌症的追踪和主动安乐死）被用来说明还原论伦理在解决实际道德问题方面的作用有限。文中讨论了伦理学家的一些可能角色。有人认为伦理学家应该是描绘道德图景的生命哲学家或个人导师，而不是警察或伦理工程师。
