Pelham W E, Waschbusch D A, Hoza B, Pillow D R, Gnagy E M
Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14260, USA.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001 Nov;9(4):425-37. doi: 10.1037//1064-1297.9.4.425.
This study examined the effects of 0.3 mg/kg methylphenidate (MPH) and expectancy regarding medication on the performance and persistence of 137 boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a get-acquainted dyadic interaction with a peer, using a balanced-placebo design. Boys in 4 groups-administered placebo or MPH crossed with being told they received placebo or MPH-interacted with child confederates in experimental situations in which social success and failure were manipulated. In contrast with studies of academic persistence, MPH did not affect boys' task persistence or performance. Boys gave more positive self-evaluations and talked more in the success condition as compared with the failure condition. Boys attributed success to effort and ability and failure to task difficulty, and neither MPH nor expectancy affected this pattern. These findings are consistent with other studies in failing to find debilitating effects of MPH or medication expectancies on ADHD boys' attributions or self-evaluations.
本研究采用平衡安慰剂设计，考察了0.3毫克/千克哌甲酯（MPH）以及对药物的预期对137名患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的男孩在与同伴的初次二元互动中的表现和坚持性的影响。4组男孩分别接受安慰剂或MPH，并被告知他们接受的是安慰剂或MPH，然后在社会成功和失败被操纵的实验情境中与儿童同谋进行互动。与学术坚持性研究不同，MPH并未影响男孩的任务坚持性或表现。与失败情境相比，男孩们在成功情境中给出了更多积极的自我评价且交谈更多。男孩们将成功归因于努力和能力，将失败归因于任务难度，MPH和预期均未影响这一模式。这些发现与其他研究一致，未发现MPH或药物预期对ADHD男孩的归因或自我评价有不利影响。
