Gejlsbjerg B, Klinge C, Samsøe-Petersen L, Madsen T
DHI Water and Environment, Department of Ecotoxicology, Hørsholm, Denmark.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2001 Dec;20(12):2709-16. doi: 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<2709:tolasa>2.0.co;2.
The application of sewage sludge to agricultural land brings several chemicals to the soil ecosystem. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) and nonylphenol (NP) are frequently found in sludge at relatively high concentrations. The toxic effects of LAS and NP to two soil invertebrates (Folsomia candida and Enchytraeus albidus) and five different microbial processes (aerobic respiration, nitrification, denitrification, anaerobic CH4 production, and anaerobic CO2 production) were investigated in sludge-soil mixtures. Median lethal concentrations (LC50 values) and median effective concentrations (EC50 values) were quite similar and calculated to be in the range of 1,143 to 1,437 and 71 to 437 mg/kg (dry wt) for LAS and NP, respectively. The EC50 values for nitrification and CH4 production were 431 and 277 mg/kg, respectively, for LAS and 343 and 754 mg/kg, respectively, for NP. Aerobic respiration and denitrification were not inhibited at the tested concentrations. The results show that NP was more toxic than LAS to both F. candida and E. albidus, whereas LAS was more toxic than NP to the anaerobic CH4 production. The safety margins between the lowest 10% effective concentration (EC10) and the estimated environmental concentration were a factor of 11 for LAS and 510 for NP when the concentrations of the contaminants corresponded to the current Danish cutoff values of 1,300 mg/kg for LAS and 30 mg/kg for NP.
将污水污泥施用于农田会给土壤生态系统带来多种化学物质。线性烷基苯磺酸盐（LAS）和壬基酚（NP）在污泥中经常以相对较高的浓度被发现。研究了LAS和NP对两种土壤无脊椎动物（白符跳和白线蚓）以及五种不同微生物过程（有氧呼吸、硝化作用、反硝化作用、厌氧甲烷产生和厌氧二氧化碳产生）在污泥 - 土壤混合物中的毒性效应。LAS和NP的半数致死浓度（LC50值）和半数有效浓度（EC50值）非常相似，经计算，LAS的LC50值和EC50值分别在1143至1437 mg/kg（干重）和71至437 mg/kg（干重）范围内，NP的LC50值和EC50值分别在1143至1437 mg/kg（干重）和71至437 mg/kg（干重）范围内。LAS对硝化作用和甲烷产生的EC50值分别为431和277 mg/kg，NP对硝化作用和甲烷产生的EC50值分别为343和754 mg/kg。在所测试的浓度下，有氧呼吸和反硝化作用未受到抑制。结果表明，NP对白符跳和白线蚓的毒性均比LAS大，而LAS对厌氧甲烷产生的毒性比NP大。当污染物浓度对应丹麦目前LAS为1300 mg/kg、NP为30 mg/kg的截止值时，最低10%有效浓度（EC10）与估计环境浓度之间的安全系数，LAS为11，NP为510。
