Ivanov K P
I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.
Usp Fiziol Nauk. 2001 Oct-Dec;32(4):3-22.
During the recent 25-30 years, sophisticated experiments and mathematical simulation significantly changed the generally accepted theory of oxygen transport in tissue, which was based on two major postulates, namely: 1) Blood flows in capillaries continuously at uniform velocity, 2) Gas circulation between blood and tissue takes place exclusively in capillaries. As was shown by modern research techniques, blood flow in microvessels has irregular sharp velocity fluctuations in very short time intervals (seconds). In addition, mean velocity of blood flow in microvessels of the same caliber and the same micro-region of tissue may differ several times. Therefore, efficiency of microcirculation reactions may be assessed exclusively witH mean blood velocity in capillaries of the whole micro-region, and with complicated changes of the histogram of mean velocity distribution in capillaries. It was shown that arteriolas and venulas of inactive muscles and brain account for 30 to 50% of gas circulation between blood and tissue. This resulted in fundamental change of the previous postulates in the area of tissue gas circulation physiology, and, in effect, in replacement of oxygen transport paradigm created by A. Krog. This study is an attempt to present a new modern concept of oxygen transport in tissue, to show its research significance, and possible applications.
在最近的25至30年里，精密的实验和数学模拟显著改变了组织中氧运输的普遍接受的理论，该理论基于两个主要假设，即：1）血液在毛细血管中以均匀速度持续流动，2）血液与组织之间的气体交换仅在毛细血管中发生。现代研究技术表明，微血管中的血流在非常短的时间间隔（秒）内有不规则的急剧速度波动。此外，相同管径和相同组织微区域的微血管中的平均血流速度可能相差几倍。因此，微循环反应的效率只能通过整个微区域毛细血管中的平均血流速度以及毛细血管中平均速度分布直方图的复杂变化来评估。结果表明，不活动肌肉和大脑的小动脉和小静脉占血液与组织之间气体交换的30%至50%。这导致了组织气体交换生理学领域先前假设的根本性变化，实际上是取代了由A. 克罗格创建的氧运输范式。本研究试图提出一种新的现代组织氧运输概念，展示其研究意义和可能的应用。
