Mostofsky S H, Lasker A G, Singer H S, Denckla M B, Zee D S
Kennedy Krieger Institute and the Department of Neurology at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001 Dec;40(12):1464-72. doi: 10.1097/00004583-200112000-00018.
To assess saccadic eye movements in boys with Tourette syndrome (TS) with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), comparing performance with that of an age-matched group of male controls.
Three different saccade tasks (prosaccades, antisaccades, and memory-guided saccades) were used to examine functions necessary for the planning and execution of eye movements, including motor response preparation, response inhibition, and working memory. The study included 14 boys with TS without ADHD (TS-only), 11 boys with TS and ADHD (TS+ADHD), and 10 male controls.
Latency of prosaccades was prolonged in boys with TS (both with and without ADHD) compared with controls. Variability in prosaccade latency was greater in the groups of boys with TS+ADHD compared with both the TS-only and control groups. Response inhibition errors on both the antisaccade task (directional errors) and memory-guided saccade task (anticipatory errors) were increased in boys with TS+ADHD compared with those with TS-only. There were no significant differences among the three groups in accuracy of memory-guided saccades.
Oculomotor findings suggest that TS is associated with delay in initiation of motor response as evidenced by excessive latency on prosaccades. Signs of impaired response inhibition and variability in motor response appear to be associated with the presence of ADHD.
评估患有和未患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的图雷特综合征（TS）男孩的扫视眼动，将其表现与年龄匹配的男性对照组进行比较。
使用三种不同的扫视任务（顺向扫视、逆向扫视和记忆引导扫视）来检查眼球运动计划和执行所需的功能，包括运动反应准备、反应抑制和工作记忆。该研究纳入了14名无ADHD的TS男孩（仅患TS）、11名患有TS和ADHD的男孩（TS+ADHD）以及10名男性对照组。
与对照组相比，患有TS的男孩（无论有无ADHD）顺向扫视的潜伏期延长。与仅患TS组和对照组相比，TS+ADHD组男孩顺向扫视潜伏期的变异性更大。与仅患TS的男孩相比，TS+ADHD组男孩在逆向扫视任务（方向错误）和记忆引导扫视任务（预期错误）上的反应抑制错误均增加。三组在记忆引导扫视的准确性方面无显著差异。
眼动结果表明，TS与运动反应启动延迟有关，顺向扫视潜伏期过长即证明了这一点。反应抑制受损和运动反应变异性的迹象似乎与ADHD的存在有关。
