Honda S, Kohsaka S
Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, 187-8502 Japan.
Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi. 2001 Sep;21(3):89-93.
Accumulated evidence suggests that extracellular ATP functions occur in neurons and glial cells in the nervous systems. Besides well-documented roles as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, ATP has also been demonstrated to have effects on glial cells. Reports have shown that ATP stimulates microglia to release various biologically active substances, such as interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and plasminogen. Microglial cell death was also demonstrated after stimulation with high-dose ATP. Although these responses were known to occur, via P2X7, we have recently found that ATP and ADP induced the formation of membrane ruffles and chemotaxis through Gi/o-coupled P2Y receptors. Taken together, it is suggested that two distinct P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes are involved in the diverse function of microglia in both physiological and pathological states.
越来越多的证据表明，细胞外ATP在神经系统的神经元和胶质细胞中发挥作用。除了作为神经递质或神经调节剂的充分记录的作用外，ATP还被证明对胶质细胞有影响。报告显示，ATP刺激小胶质细胞释放各种生物活性物质，如白细胞介素-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α和纤溶酶原。高剂量ATP刺激后也证实了小胶质细胞死亡。尽管已知这些反应是通过P2X7发生的，但我们最近发现，ATP和ADP通过Gi/o偶联的P2Y受体诱导膜皱褶的形成和趋化作用。综上所述，提示两种不同的P2X和P2Y受体亚型参与了小胶质细胞在生理和病理状态下的多种功能。
