Gurevich A, Ben-Hur H, Moldavsky M, Szvalb S, Berman V, Zusman I
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel.
Am J Reprod Immunol. 2001 Dec;46(6):381-5. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0897.2001.d01-28.x.
The immune protection of genital organs in embryogenesis has not been sufficiently studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of the secretory immune system (SIS) in the gonads and genital tracts of human embryos and fetuses.
Developing gonads at different stages and genital tracts from 18 embryos and 39 fetuses in the first to third trimester of gestation were analyzed for presence of different component of SIS: secretory component (SC), joining (J) chain. IgA, IgM, IgG, macrophages, and subsets of lymphocytes. The material was divided into two groups: cases not subjected to foreign antigenic effects (group I, n = 31) and those under antigenic attack (chorioamnionitis, group II, n = 26).
In embryos and fetuses of group I, SC, J chain, and IgG were seen in the epithelium of mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts, proliferating coelomic epithelium, epithelium of the uterine tubes and uterus, epithelium of the vas deferens, epididymis, and rete testis. IgA and IgM appeared in 6-week-old embryos. J chain, IgA, IgM, and IgG, but not SC, were found in the primary oocytes and oogonia, spermatogonia. and interstitial cells. An abundance of macrophages was seen in 4-week-old embryos. T and B lymphocytes first appeared in 6-7-week-old embryos. In embryos and fetuses of group II, reactivity of immunoglobulins (Igs) decreased until they disappeared altogether.
Components of SIS were seen in genital organs in 4-5-week-old embryos and were present during the whole intrauterine period. We suggest the presence of two forms of immune protection of fetal genital organs. One form contains SC, J chain, and Igs and is present in the genital tract epithelium. The second form contains only J chain and Igs and is present in germ cells of gonads. The loss of Igs in cases with chorioamnionitis reflects the functional participation of the SIS of genital organs in response to antigen attack.
胚胎发育过程中生殖器官的免疫保护尚未得到充分研究。本研究的目的是调查人类胚胎和胎儿性腺及生殖道中分泌免疫系统（SIS）的发育情况。
分析了妊娠前三个月18例胚胎和39例胎儿不同阶段的发育性腺及生殖道中SIS的不同成分：分泌成分（SC）、连接（J）链、IgA、IgM、IgG、巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞亚群。材料分为两组：未受外来抗原影响的病例（第一组，n = 31）和受到抗原攻击的病例（绒毛膜羊膜炎，第二组，n = 26）。
在第一组的胚胎和胎儿中，在中肾管和副中肾管上皮、增殖的体腔上皮、输卵管和子宫上皮、输精管、附睾和睾丸网的上皮中可见SC、J链和IgG。IgA和IgM在6周龄胚胎中出现。在初级卵母细胞、卵原细胞、精原细胞和间质细胞中发现了J链、IgA、IgM和IgG，但未发现SC。在4周龄胚胎中可见大量巨噬细胞。T和B淋巴细胞最早出现在6 - 7周龄胚胎中。在第二组的胚胎和胎儿中，免疫球蛋白（Igs）的反应性降低直至完全消失。
SIS的成分在4 - 5周龄胚胎的生殖器官中可见，并在整个孕期都存在。我们认为胎儿生殖器官存在两种免疫保护形式。一种形式包含SC、J链和Igs，存在于生殖道上皮中。第二种形式仅包含J链和Igs，存在于性腺的生殖细胞中。绒毛膜羊膜炎病例中Igs的丧失反映了生殖器官SIS在对抗抗原攻击中的功能参与。
