van der Woude L H, Veeger H E, Dallmeijer A J, Janssen T W, Rozendaal L A
Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Science, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Med Eng Phys. 2001 Dec;23(10):713-33. doi: 10.1016/s1350-4533(01)00083-2.
Manual wheelchair propulsion in daily life and sports is increasingly being studied. Initially, an engineering and physiological perspective was taken. More recently a concomitant biomechanics interest is seen. Themes of biomechanical and physiological studies today are performance enhancing aspects of wheelchair use and the ergonomics of wheelchair design. Apart from the propulsion technique the focus of biomechanics research of manual wheelchair propulsion is mainly towards injury mechanisms, especially phenomena of overuse to the upper extremity. Obviously, the vehicle mechanics of wheelchairs must be included within this biological framework. Scientific research is progressing, but is still hampered by methodological limitations, such as the heterogeneity and small numbers of the population at study as well as the inconsistency of employed technologies and methodologies. There is a need for consensus regarding methodology and research strategy, and a strong need for collaboration to improve the homogeneity and size of subject groups and thus the power of the experimental results. Thus a sufficiently strong knowledge database will emerge, leading to an evidence-base of performance enhancing factors and the understanding of the risks of wheelchair sports and long-term wheelchair use. In the light of the current biomechanical and physiological knowledge of manual wheelchair propulsion there seems to be a need for the stimulation of other than hand rim propelled manual wheelchairs.
日常生活和体育运动中的手动轮椅推进技术正日益受到研究。最初，研究采用的是工程学和生理学视角。最近，对生物力学的兴趣也随之显现。当今生物力学和生理学研究的主题包括轮椅使用中提高性能的方面以及轮椅设计的人体工程学。除了推进技术，手动轮椅推进的生物力学研究重点主要是损伤机制，尤其是上肢过度使用的现象。显然，轮椅的车辆力学必须纳入这个生物学框架。科学研究正在取得进展，但仍受到方法学限制的阻碍，例如研究人群的异质性和数量较少，以及所采用技术和方法的不一致性。需要在方法学和研究策略上达成共识，并且迫切需要开展合作，以提高受试者群体的同质性和规模，从而增强实验结果的说服力。这样就会形成一个足够强大的知识数据库，进而产生一个关于提高性能因素的证据库，并加深对轮椅运动和长期使用轮椅风险的理解。鉴于目前对手动轮椅推进的生物力学和生理学认识，似乎有必要推广除手轮圈推进式以外的其他手动轮椅。
