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运动可能会在无负重的骨骼区域诱发可逆性低骨量,而在负重的骨骼区域诱发高骨量。

Exercise may induce reversible low bone mass in unloaded and high bone mass in weight-loaded skeletal regions.

作者信息

Magnusson H, Lindén C, Karlsson C, Obrant K J, Karlsson M K

机构信息

Department of Orthopaedics, Malmö University Hospital, Sweden.

出版信息

Osteoporos Int. 2001;12(11):950-5. doi: 10.1007/s001980170024.

Abstract

Exercise during growth and adolescence increases bone mineral density (BMD) in weight-loaded skeletal regions. The development of BMD in unloaded or minimally loaded regions during activity is unclear. We measured BMD in one unloaded, one partly loaded and one highly loaded skeletal region in 67 active soccer players, mean age 22.7 years (range 17-35 years), 128 former soccer players, mean age 54.0 years (range 19-85 years) and 138 controls, mean age 50.6 years (range 19-80 years). The active soccer players played at three different levels: premier league, 3rd league or 6th league. Duration of exercise in these three grou s was 12, 8 and 6 h/week, respectively. BMD (g/cm ) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the upper part of the skull (the unloaded skeletal region), the arms (the partly loaded region) and the femoral neck (the maximal loaded region). Data are presented as mean +/- SD. Active soccer players had 10.3 +/- 10.4% lower BMD in the upper part of the skull (p < 0.001), 1.4 +/- 6.3% higher BMD in the arm (NS) and 12.7 +/- 9.8% higher BMD in the femoral neck (p<0.001) compared with age- and gender-matched controls. All three levels of soccer players demonstrated, independent of activity level, the same discrepancies in BMD compared with controls. Former soccer players had lower BMD in the upper part of the skull until age 70 years and higher BMD in the femoral neck until age 50 years compared with controls. The BMD of the arm was not different in former soccer players compared with controls. In summary, active soccer players had lower BMD in the unloaded skeletal region, no difference in BMD in the partly loaded region and higher BMD in the weight-loaded region compared with controls. The discrepancies compared with controls diminished with age so that no differences were found in BMD after age 70 years. In conclusion, unloaded and weight-loaded skeletal regions may respond differently to increased and decreased physical activity.

摘要

生长和青春期期间进行锻炼可增加负重骨骼区域的骨矿物质密度(BMD)。活动期间非负重或低负重区域的骨矿物质密度发展情况尚不清楚。我们测量了67名现役足球运动员(平均年龄22.7岁,范围17 - 35岁)、128名前足球运动员(平均年龄54.0岁,范围19 - 85岁)和138名对照者(平均年龄50.6岁,范围19 - 80岁)的一个非负重、一个部分负重和一个高负重骨骼区域的骨矿物质密度。现役足球运动员在三个不同级别踢球:英超联赛、第三级别联赛或第六级别联赛。这三个组的锻炼时长分别为每周12、8和6小时。通过双能X线吸收法(DXA)测量颅骨上部(非负重骨骼区域)、手臂(部分负重区域)和股骨颈(最大负重区域)的骨矿物质密度(g/cm)。数据以平均值±标准差表示。与年龄和性别匹配的对照者相比,现役足球运动员颅骨上部的骨矿物质密度低10.3±10.4%(p < 0.001),手臂的骨矿物质密度高1.4±6.3%(无统计学意义),股骨颈的骨矿物质密度高12.7±9.8%(p < 0.001)。所有三个级别的足球运动员与对照者相比,无论活动水平如何,在骨矿物质密度上都表现出相同的差异。与对照者相比,前足球运动员在70岁之前颅骨上部的骨矿物质密度较低,在50岁之前股骨颈的骨矿物质密度较高。前足球运动员手臂的骨矿物质密度与对照者相比无差异。总之,与对照者相比,现役足球运动员在非负重骨骼区域的骨矿物质密度较低,在部分负重区域的骨矿物质密度无差异,在负重区域的骨矿物质密度较高。与对照者的差异随年龄减小,以至于在70岁之后骨矿物质密度未发现差异。总之,非负重和负重骨骼区域对体力活动增加和减少的反应可能不同。

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