Uzunca K, Birtane M, Durmus-Altun G, Ustun F
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
Br J Sports Med. 2005 Mar;39(3):154-7; discussion 154-7. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2003.011494.
Physical exercise is an important factor in the acceleration and maintenance of bone mineral density (BMD). Football is an impact loading sport and some studies demonstrate its site specific, bone mass increasing effect. We compared BMD at different skeletal regions in a group of former professional football players and in normal control subjects and evaluated the effect of demographic factors and time after active career on BMD.
Twenty four former football players <70 years old who had retired from professional football at least 10 years previously and 25 non-athletic controls were recruited. The demographic characteristics, activity levels, and dietary habits of all subjects and the chronological history of the footballers' professional careers were noted. BMD was measured by DEXA at the calcaneus and distal tibia and at the lumbar spine, proximal femur, and distal and proximal radius, and compared between groups. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the probable predictors of BMD in former football players.
In former players BMD values were found to be significantly higher at the lumbar spine, femur neck, femur trochanter, distal tibia, and calcaneus, but not at Ward's triangle (femur) or the distal and proximal radius regions compared with controls. Time after active career was the only independent predictor of BMD at the lumbar spine, proximal femur (neck, trochanter, and Ward's triangle), and distal tibia.
Former footballers had higher BMD at weight loaded sites and time after active career seemed to be an important factor in determining BMD.
体育锻炼是加速和维持骨密度（BMD）的重要因素。足球是一项冲击负荷运动，一些研究表明其对特定部位有增加骨量的作用。我们比较了一组前职业足球运动员和正常对照者不同骨骼区域的骨密度，并评估了人口统计学因素和退役时间对骨密度的影响。
招募了24名年龄<70岁、至少在10年前从职业足球退役的前足球运动员和25名非运动员对照者。记录了所有受试者的人口统计学特征、活动水平和饮食习惯以及足球运动员职业生涯的时间历程。通过双能X线吸收法（DEXA）测量跟骨、胫骨远端、腰椎、股骨近端、桡骨远端和近端的骨密度，并在组间进行比较。采用逐步多元线性回归分析确定前足球运动员骨密度的可能预测因素。
与对照组相比，前足球运动员在腰椎、股骨颈、股骨大转子、胫骨远端和跟骨的骨密度值显著更高，但在Ward三角区（股骨）以及桡骨远端和近端区域则不然。退役时间是腰椎、股骨近端（颈、大转子和Ward三角区）和胫骨远端骨密度的唯一独立预测因素。
前足球运动员在负重部位的骨密度较高，退役时间似乎是决定骨密度的一个重要因素。
