Elvbakken K T
Senter for samfunnsforskning Professor Keysers gate 2 5011 Bergen.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2001 Dec 10;121(30):3613-6.
Food control is a very old practice, part of regulations meant to safeguard order and control in the cities. The history of modern food safety control goes to the rise of local health commissions, set up to curtail the cholera epidemics in the first half of the 19th century. Modern sciences like chemistry and microbiology brought new monitoring tools, while industrial food processing in the rapidly growing late 19th century cities meant new challenges for the authorities. Food control was primarily the responsibility of local health authorities. The process of getting food control legislation in place in Norway was very long and full of conflicts. The initiative for it came from health authorities, while trade and agricultural interests resisted their push. During the 1950 and 1960s, the professional responsibility passed from physicians to veterinarians. For a long time, food control was uncontroversial and attracted little political attention. The mad cow disease crises in 1996 changed that. Because of the flagging confidence in the safety of food, questions were raised not only about the independence of the authorities, but also about government authority in general. The legislation for food control in Norway is now being revised and the administrative apparatus is overhauled.
食品监管是一项由来已久的做法，是旨在维护城市秩序与管控的法规的一部分。现代食品安全监管的历史可追溯到地方卫生委员会的兴起，这些委员会是为了在19世纪上半叶遏制霍乱疫情而设立的。化学和微生物学等现代科学带来了新的监测工具，而19世纪后期快速发展的城市中的工业化食品加工给当局带来了新的挑战。食品监管主要是地方卫生当局的职责。挪威制定食品监管立法的过程漫长且充满冲突。倡议来自卫生当局，而贸易和农业利益集团抵制他们的推动。在20世纪50年代和60年代，专业职责从医生转给了兽医。长期以来，食品监管没有争议，也很少引起政治关注。1996年的疯牛病危机改变了这一切。由于对食品安全的信心受挫，人们不仅对当局的独立性提出了质疑，也对政府的权威提出了质疑。挪威目前正在修订食品监管立法，并对行政机构进行全面改革。
