Morin Karen H, Brogan Samantha, Flavin Susan K
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2002 Jan-Feb;27(1):20-5. doi: 10.1097/00005721-200201000-00008.
To describe the attitudes and perceptions of body image of African American postpartum women, and the differences in these measures when body mass index (BMI) was considered.
Descriptive comparative.
Secondary analysis of a larger study. The sample was 45 African American women. Body image was assessed using the Attitude to Body Image Scale (ABIS) and the topographic device. Participants were grouped according to BMI categories. Body image differences by BMI category were determined using ANOVA.
The mean ABIS score for the total sample was 2.8 (range = 1.0-5.8). Although not statistically significantly different, the mean ABIS score for the overweight/obese group was 3.4 (SD = 0.42), for the normal weight group the mean score was 2.8 (SD = 0.22) and for the underweight group it was 2.6 (SD = 0.24). The mean amount of perceived space occupied was 30.0 while the mean amount of actual space occupied was 21.0 in (N = 45). When the perceptual component was assessed, all women, irrespective of size, considered themselves larger than they actually were. However, perceptions did not differ by body mass category.
Nurses can use this information to plan culturally sensitive postpartum care relative to body image and weight. Healthcare providers may wish to develop interventions that foster healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as healthy eating habits, based on health promotion rather than on weight loss. With this caveat in mind, performing a 24-hr recall of foods eaten would be an appropriate assessment strategy.
描述非裔美国产后女性对身体形象的态度和认知，以及在考虑体重指数（BMI）时这些指标的差异。
描述性比较研究。
对一项更大规模研究进行二次分析。样本为45名非裔美国女性。使用身体形象态度量表（ABIS）和地形测量工具评估身体形象。参与者根据BMI类别分组。使用方差分析确定不同BMI类别之间的身体形象差异。
总样本的ABIS平均得分为2.8（范围=1.0 - 5.8）。尽管差异无统计学意义，但超重/肥胖组的ABIS平均得分为3.4（标准差=0.42），正常体重组的平均得分为2.8（标准差=0.22），体重过轻组的平均得分为2.6（标准差=0.24）。在45名参与者中，感知到的平均占据空间量为30.0，而实际占据的平均空间量为21.0。在评估感知成分时，所有女性，无论身材如何，都认为自己比实际身材更大。然而，不同体重类别的认知并无差异。
护士可利用这些信息来规划与身体形象和体重相关的具有文化敏感性的产后护理。医疗保健提供者不妨制定促进健康生活方式行为的干预措施，例如基于健康促进而非减肥的健康饮食习惯。考虑到这一点，进行24小时饮食回忆将是一种合适的评估策略。
