Long Nguyen Hoang, Diwan Vinod K, Winkvist Anna
National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, 463 Hoang Hoa Tham Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2002 Feb;55(2):115-20. doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00455-3.
Longer delays in diagnosis and lower case-detection of tuberculosis (TB) among women remain a problem in many countries. This study describes reported symptoms of new smear-positive pulmonary TB among men and women, and their association with TB diagnostic delays. All 1,027 new smear-positive pulmonary TB cases aged 15 years or over (757 men and 270 women) diagnosed by 23 district TB units of four provinces in Vietnam during 1996 were interviewed at the time of diagnosis. Among these, 540 patients diagnosed during January-June 1996 were followed up during treatment course. Pattern of symptoms was similar between the sexes. However, symptoms of cough (90.7% women, 94.7% men, P = .021), sputum expectoration (83.6% women, 89.9% men, P = .006), and hemoptysis (27.8% women, 34.9% men, P = .033) were less common among women than among men. Absence of cough and sputum expectoration was significantly associated with increased doctor's delays. Two months after treatment, cough and sputum expectoration recovered significantly more quickly among women compared to men.
在许多国家，女性结核病（TB）诊断延迟时间更长且病例检出率更低仍是一个问题。本研究描述了男性和女性新涂阳肺结核的报告症状，以及这些症状与结核病诊断延迟的关联。对1996年越南四个省份的23个地区结核病单位诊断出的所有1027例15岁及以上的新涂阳肺结核病例（757名男性和270名女性）在诊断时进行了访谈。其中，对1996年1月至6月期间诊断出的540例患者在治疗过程中进行了随访。两性的症状模式相似。然而，咳嗽（女性90.7%，男性94.7%，P = 0.021）、咳痰（女性83.6%，男性89.9%，P = 0.006）和咯血（女性27.8%，男性34.9%，P = 0.033）症状在女性中比在男性中更不常见。无咳嗽和咳痰与医生诊断延迟增加显著相关。治疗两个月后，女性咳嗽和咳痰的恢复明显比男性更快。
