Díaz Grávalos G J
Centro de Salud Cea, Ourense.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2001 Nov-Dec;75(6):529-39. doi: 10.1590/s1135-57272001000600005.
Health education on the part of primary care physicians has been shown to improve the health of the population, but, generally speaking, physicians are not pursuing this to the recommended degree. The end purpose of this study is that of ascertaining what factors have an influence on health education being carried out by primary care physicians in Galicia (Spain), how they perceive their training in this regard, what obstacles they encounter as regards to providing this education and how the existence of unhealthy habits on the part of the physician has a bearing on carrying out this activity.
A cross-sectional study has been conducted. A previously-tested, self-answer mail-out questionnaire was sent to a random sample stratified by provinces of 420 primary care physicians from the "Servicio Galego de Saúde" (Galician Health Care Service). A comparative analysis was made with those who failed to reply. The main analysis of the data was conducted by means of a multivariate (logic regression) analysis.
Seventy-three percent (73%) of the replies were valid, without any differences among strata. Sixty-four percent (64%) of the physicians surveyed considered their training in health education to be insufficient, being better among family doctors and among those who had taken courses specifically devoted to this subject. The main obstacle reported was the lack of time. 38.4% of the physicians reported that they carry out health education, an activity related to the female gender (Odds Ratio 1.70), better training concerning this subject (Odds Ratio 2.20) and a better personally perceived ability to carry out the same (Odds Ratio 1.32). No relationship was found to exist between the carrying out of health education and the existence of unhealthy habits.
Being female, feeling efficient at providing health education and considering oneself to be well-trained regarding this subject being related positively to this activity being carried out by primary care physicians, solely one third of whom report doing so.
基层医疗医生开展的健康教育已被证明能改善民众健康，但总体而言，医生并未达到推荐的开展程度。本研究的最终目的是确定哪些因素影响西班牙加利西亚地区基层医疗医生开展健康教育，他们如何看待自己在这方面的培训，在提供此类教育时遇到哪些障碍，以及医生自身的不健康习惯对开展这项活动有何影响。
进行了一项横断面研究。向来自“加利西亚医疗服务机构”的420名基层医疗医生随机抽取的分层样本（按省份）发送了一份预先测试过的自填式邮寄问卷。对未回复者进行了比较分析。数据的主要分析通过多变量（逻辑回归）分析进行。
73%的回复有效，各层之间无差异。64%的受访医生认为他们在健康教育方面的培训不足，家庭医生以及参加过专门针对该主题课程的医生情况稍好。报告的主要障碍是时间不足。38.4%的医生报告称他们开展健康教育，这一活动与性别为女性有关（优势比1.70）、在该主题方面培训更好（优势比2.20）以及个人认为开展该活动的能力更强（优势比1.32）。未发现开展健康教育与存在不健康习惯之间存在关联。
女性、感觉在提供健康教育方面效率高以及认为自己在该主题方面训练有素与基层医疗医生开展这项活动呈正相关，而报告开展此项活动的医生仅占三分之一。
