Proj Inf Perspect. 2001 Aug(33):6-8.
The past few years have brought major advances in the treatment and management of people with HIV. In many of the early trials for HIV-positive people, different blood markers were studied to determine whether they might be beneficial in monitoring the health of people with HIV and whether they might be able to predict the risk of disease progression. Many were deemed not useful including beta-2 microglobulin, neopterin and p24 antigen. Others have become part of routine standard of care including CD4+ cell counts, viral load (HIV RNA levels) monitoring and resistance testing. Many other blood markers are still being evaluated although the next major advance is likely to come from the field of pharmacology and specifically, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Pharmacology is the study of how drugs are absorbed, broken down (metabolized) and eliminated in the body. TDM monitors the level of various drugs in the bloodstream.
在过去几年里，艾滋病毒感染者的治疗与管理取得了重大进展。在许多针对艾滋病毒阳性患者的早期试验中，研究了不同的血液标志物，以确定它们是否有助于监测艾滋病毒感染者的健康状况，以及是否能够预测疾病进展风险。许多标志物被认为没有用处，包括β2微球蛋白、新蝶呤和p24抗原。其他一些标志物已成为常规标准护理的一部分，包括CD4+细胞计数、病毒载量（艾滋病毒RNA水平）监测和耐药性检测。许多其他血液标志物仍在评估中，不过下一个重大进展可能来自药理学领域，特别是治疗药物监测（TDM）。药理学是研究药物在体内如何吸收、分解（代谢）和消除的学科。TDM监测血液中各种药物的水平。
