Badhwar G D, Truong A G, O'Neill P M, Choutko V
NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Attn.: SN, 2101 NASA Road 1, Houston, TX 77058-3696, USA.
Radiat Meas. 2001 Jun;33(3):361-7. doi: 10.1016/s1350-4487(00)00166-9.
A very high-momentum resolution particle spectrometer called the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) was flown in the payload bay of the Space Shuttle in a 51.65 degrees x 380-km orbit during the last solar minimum. This spectrometer has provided the first high statistics data set for galactic cosmic radiation protons, and helium, as well as limited spectral data on carbon and oxygen nuclei in the International Space Station orbit. First measurements of the albedo protons at this inclination were also made. Because of the high-momentum resolution and high statistics, the data can be separated as a function of magnetic latitude. A related investigation, the balloon borne experiment with a superconducting solenoid spectrometer (BESS), has been flown from Lynn Lake, Canada and has also provided excellent high-resolution data on protons and helium. These two data sets have been used here to study the validity of two galactic cosmic ray models and the geomagnetic transmission function developed from the 1990 geomagnetic reference field model. The predictions of both the CREME96 and NASA/JSC models are in good agreement with the AMS data. The shape of the AMS measured albedo proton spectrum, up to 2 GeV, is in excellent agreement with the previous balloon and satellite observations. A new LIS spectrum was developed that is consistent with both previous and new BESS 3He observations. Because the astronaut radiation exposures onboard ISS will be highest around the time of the solar minimum, these AMS measurements and these models provide important benchmarks for future radiation studies. AMS-02 slated for launch in September 2003, will provide even better momentum resolution and higher statistics data.
一种名为阿尔法磁谱仪（AMS）的高动量分辨率粒子谱仪，在最后一个太阳活动极小期期间，搭载于航天飞机的有效载荷舱内，运行在倾角为51.65度、轨道高度为380公里的轨道上。该谱仪首次提供了银河系宇宙辐射中质子和氦的高统计数据集，以及国际空间站轨道上碳和氧原子核的有限能谱数据。同时还首次测量了该倾角下的反照质子。由于具有高动量分辨率和高统计量，数据可按磁纬度进行分离。一项相关的研究，即搭载超导螺线管谱仪的气球实验（BESS），已从加拿大林恩湖进行了飞行，也提供了关于质子和氦的出色高分辨率数据。这里利用这两组数据集研究了两种银河系宇宙射线模型以及根据1990年地磁参考场模型推导的地磁传输函数的有效性。CREME96和NASA/JSC模型的预测结果与AMS数据吻合良好。AMS测量的反照质子能谱形状，在高达2 GeV的范围内，与之前的气球和卫星观测结果高度一致。开发了一种新的LET谱，它与之前和新的BESS 3He观测结果均一致。由于国际空间站上宇航员的辐射暴露在太阳活动极小期前后将达到最高值，这些AMS测量结果和这些模型为未来的辐射研究提供了重要基准。计划于2003年9月发射的AMS - 02将提供更好的动量分辨率和更高统计量的数据。
