Faber L P, Jensik R J, Chawla S K, Kittle C F
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1975 Nov;70(5):779-89.
A calcified hilar or mediastinal lymph node can compress or erode the tracheobronchial tree and cause a variety of problems, including the "spitting of stones," hemoptysis, pneumonia, atelectasis, and bronchoesophageal fistula. From 1955 to 1975, 43 patients were evaluated for broncholithiasis. Nonsurgical management was carried out in 10 patients, whereas the remaining 33 underwent thoracotomy for the pathological process. Five patients had bronchoesophageal fistula as a result of the broncholith. Segmentectomy was the surgical resective procedure most commonly used. Conservation of pulmonary tissue is recommended when dealing with this problem. Surgical complications were minimal and no deaths occurred. The surgeon must be versatile in his technical approach and be prepared to carry out bronchoplastic procedures when indicated. A clinical awareness of the symptomatology of broncholithiasis leads the examiner to carry out the appropriate diagnostic studies of laminagraphy, bronchoscopy, bronchography, and esophagography. Early diagnosis and treatment will prevent the severe complications that can occur from continued observation.
钙化的肺门或纵隔淋巴结可压迫或侵蚀气管支气管树，并引发多种问题，包括“咳出结石”、咯血、肺炎、肺不张和支气管食管瘘。1955年至1975年间，对43例支气管结石症患者进行了评估。10例患者采用非手术治疗，其余33例因病理过程接受了开胸手术。5例患者因支气管结石导致支气管食管瘘。肺段切除术是最常用的手术切除方法。处理这个问题时建议保留肺组织。手术并发症极少，无死亡病例。外科医生在技术方法上必须灵活多样，并准备好在有指征时进行支气管成形手术。对支气管结石症症状学的临床认识可促使检查者进行体层摄影、支气管镜检查、支气管造影和食管造影等适当的诊断研究。早期诊断和治疗可预防持续观察可能引发的严重并发症。
