Graham M D, Perkins R
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 1979 Nov-Dec;88(6 Pt 5 Suppl 64):2-14. doi: 10.1177/00034894790886s401.
The structure of the normal human stapes was studied with the scanning electron microscope. Specimens were obtained 48 hours after death from adult human temporal bones free from obvious inflammatory disease. The specimens were fixed, dissected, critical-point dried and coated with gold. In this scanning electron microscopic study an attempt has been made to systematically demonstrate the average scanning electron microscopic features of various areas of the normal human stapes. An emphasis has been placed upon demonstrating as clearly as possible the details previously unclear or unrecognized and duplication of many excellent earlier light and electron microscopic studies has been attempted. The typical appearance of the stapes head, neck, arch, crura and footplate has been presented. It is apparent that there exists a high degree of structural specialization particularly in the stapes arch and footplate area.
采用扫描电子显微镜对正常人体镫骨的结构进行了研究。标本取自无明显炎症疾病的成人颞骨，于死后48小时获取。将标本固定、解剖、临界点干燥并镀金。在这项扫描电子显微镜研究中，试图系统地展示正常人体镫骨各个区域的平均扫描电子显微镜特征。重点在于尽可能清晰地展示先前不清楚或未被认识的细节，并尝试重复许多早期出色的光学和电子显微镜研究。呈现了镫骨头、颈、弓、脚和足板的典型外观。显然，特别是在镫骨弓和足板区域存在高度的结构特化。
