Seroczyńska M, Prost M E, Medruń J, Łukasiak E, Oleksiak E
Kliniki Okulistyki Instytutu Pomnik-Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka w Warszawie.
Klin Oczna. 2001;103(2-3):117-20.
To investigate the prevalence and the causes of childhood blindness and visual impairment in Poland.
The records of 3000 visually impaired children from the archives of Polish Association of Blinds and from the centers and schools for visually handicapped children from the years 1979-1999 have been reviewed.
The number of the visually disabled children in Poland has increased by 70% in the recent 10 years. The main causes of blindness and serious visual loss in the years 1979-1999 are optic nerve atrophy (21.66%), retinopathy of prematurity (19.01%), cataracts (14.13%), high myopia (11.84%), congenital abnormalities (8.65%), retinal dystrophies (8.08%) and glaucoma (6.42%). Optic nerve atrophy occurred mainly in premature infants. There have been great changes in the epidemiology of blindness in the recent 20 years; the percentage of visually disabled children caused by ROP has increased from 8.1% to 54.5% and caused by optic nerve atrophy from 15.5% to 27.27%. The prevalence of other causes has decreased in the same time.
The main activities required to control blindness in Poland are promotion of pregnancy and prematurity care and improvements in the early diagnosis and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.
调查波兰儿童失明及视力损害的患病率和病因。
回顾了波兰盲人协会档案以及1979 - 1999年间视力障碍儿童中心和学校的3000名视力障碍儿童的记录。
波兰视力残疾儿童数量在最近10年增加了70%。1979 - 1999年间失明和严重视力丧失的主要病因是视神经萎缩（21.66%）、早产儿视网膜病变（19.01%）、白内障（14.13%）、高度近视（11.84%）、先天性异常（8.65%）、视网膜营养不良（8.08%）和青光眼（6.42%）。视神经萎缩主要发生在早产儿中。最近20年失明的流行病学有很大变化；由早产儿视网膜病变导致的视力残疾儿童比例从8.1%增至54.5%，由视神经萎缩导致的从15.5%增至27.27%。同时其他病因的患病率有所下降。
波兰控制失明所需的主要活动是促进孕期和早产护理，以及改善早产儿视网膜病变的早期诊断和治疗。
